Question 1

The Fourth Amendment contains the "reasonableness clause," which proscribes

Accepted Answer

The "reasonableness clause" specifically refers to the prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures, which is the essence of the Fourth Amendment's protection.

Question 2

There are situations where warrants are always required; one is

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is B because the Supreme Court has ruled that, absent exigent circumstances, police must obtain a warrant before entering a home to make an arrest. This is based on the Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures, emphasizing the sanctity of the home.

Question 3

The Fourth Amendment protects "persons, houses, papers, and effects" from unreasonable searches and seizures. The term "person" describes

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

The Fourth Amendment protects "persons, houses, papers, and effects" from unreasonable searches and seizures. Examples of "papers" could be

Accepted Answer

"Papers" in the context of the Fourth Amendment refers to documents or written materials, making "memos" the correct example.

Question 5

The Fourth Amendment protects "persons, houses, papers, and effects" from unreasonable searches and seizures. Examples of "effects" could be

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Fourth Amendment protects "persons, houses, papers,...

Question 6

An example of an "institutional agent" is

Accepted Answer

The answer of An example of an "institutional agent" is
...

Question 7

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court rule that searches should be evaluated based upon expectations of privacy rather than property interests?

Accepted Answer

In Katz v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that the Fourth Amendment protects people, not places, and that searches should be evaluated based on a person's reasonable expectation of privacy, shifting the focus from property interests to privacy expectations.

Question 8

The Supreme Court declared that a person does not have a reasonable expectation of privacy in phone numbers he or she dials in

Accepted Answer

In Smith v. Maryland, the Supreme Court held that a person has no legitimate expectation of privacy in the numbers dialed from a phone because they are voluntarily transmitted to the phone company.

Question 9

This Supreme Court ruling has justified the collection of additional forms of physical evidence, including locks of hair, voice exemplars, and fingerprints.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This Supreme Court ruling has justified the...

Question 10

Physical characteristics that are protected by the Fourth Amendment include

Accepted Answer

The answer of Physical characteristics that are protected by the...

Question 11

A "fly-over" is analogous to a search of

Accepted Answer

The answer of A "fly-over" is analogous to a search...

Question 12

Lawful vantage points include

Accepted Answer

Lawful vantage points typically include public spaces where individuals have a right to be, such as sidewalks and streets. The curtilage of a home is considered private property, and observing from this vantage without permission or a warrant could infringe on privacy rights.

Question 13

Devices that enhance the senses but are not generally considered a search include

Accepted Answer

High-powered flashlights enhance the sense of sight by illuminating areas that are otherwise dark, but they are not generally considered a search tool in the legal or technical sense. They are commonly used devices that do not intrude on privacy or require special authorization.

Question 14

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court not allow the use of thermal imaging to look inside a home?

Accepted Answer

In Kyllo v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that the use of thermal imaging technology to scan a home without a warrant constituted a search under the Fourth Amendment, thus not allowing its use without proper legal authorization.

Question 15

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court allow federal agents to put a tracking device into a container?

Accepted Answer

In United States v. Knotts, the Supreme Court held that monitoring a beeper placed inside a container to track its movement on public roads did not violate the Fourth Amendment, as there is no reasonable expectation of privacy in one's movements on public roads.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a justification for a search or an arrest?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 17

Which of the following is characterized by a more than 50 percent certainty of guilt?

Accepted Answer

Probable cause is characterized by a more than 50 percent certainty of guilt, indicating that there is a reasonable basis to believe that a crime has been committed and that the person involved committed the crime. This standard is often used to justify the issuance of a warrant for arrest or search.

Question 18

Which of the following would allow a police officer to stop an automobile but not to immediately arrest the occupant?

Accepted Answer

Reasonable suspicion allows a police officer to stop and briefly detain a person for investigatory purposes but does not alone justify an arrest, unlike probable cause which can justify an arrest.

Question 19

In which case did the Supreme Court first establish the justification known as "reasonable suspicion"?

Accepted Answer

Terry v. Ohio (1968) is the landmark case in which the Supreme Court established the standard of "reasonable suspicion" as a justification for police to perform a stop-and-frisk.

Question 20

A search of an apartment complex conducted by a health code inspector would typically be based on

Accepted Answer

A search of an apartment complex by a health code inspector is typically based on administrative justification. This is because such inspections are conducted to ensure compliance with health codes and regulations, rather than to investigate criminal activity.

Quiz 4: Obtaining Evidence and the Fourth Amendment