Question 1

Since the emergence of vaping, cigarette smoking has ______.

Accepted Answer

Since the emergence of vaping, cigarette smoking has generally decreased as some smokers have switched to vaping as an alternative.

Question 2

A gateway drug means that it ______.

Accepted Answer

A gateway drug is typically one that is used before and may lead to the use of other, more harmful illicit substances.

Question 3

Which individual is demonstrating the use of a gateway drug?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is often considered a gateway drug because its use can lead to experimentation with other, potentially more harmful substances.

Question 4

Oliver has been hanging out with his friends most weekends. Some of them have been vaping lately. Oliver's uncle smokes cigarettes and he has always hated the smell of them. He doesn't seem to mind the vaping because it is either without scent or nicely scented. He decides to go ahead and try vaping with his friends. Oliver would be considered to be experimenting with ______.

Accepted Answer

Vaping is often considered a gateway drug because it can lead to the use of other substances, such as nicotine or other drugs.

Question 5

Which is considered an externalized problem as a negative consequence of substance use?

Accepted Answer

Delinquency is considered an externalized problem as it involves outward behaviors that affect others, unlike internalized problems like depression, anxiety, or suicide ideation.

Question 6

Heavy consumption of alcohol is associated with ______.

Accepted Answer

Heavy consumption of alcohol is associated with reduced frontal cortex response, which can impair decision-making and self-control.

Question 7

The strong dose-response relationship for alcohol states that the greater the consumption of alcohol predicts ______.

Accepted Answer

Greater alcohol consumption is associated with decreased brain volume due to its neurotoxic effects.

Question 8

What is the impact of regular cannabis use on neurocognition?

Accepted Answer

Regular cannabis use is associated with neurocognitive deficits, including impairments in attention, processing speed, memory, and executive functioning.

Question 9

What impact can abstention from substances have on neurological function of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Abstention from substances can lead to some recovery of neurological function because the brain has the ability to reorganize and form new connections, a property known as plasticity. However, the extent of recovery can vary depending on the duration and extent of substance use.

Question 10

John is slurring his words as he talks to his friends. He cannot process the information that is hitting his senses very well. When asked a question, John is having troublemaking a decision of how he should respond and what he should do. John and his friends have been drinking for a while now. This demonstrates ______.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol consumption can impair the frontal cortex, which is responsible for decision-making, processing information, and controlling speech, leading to reduced response and slurred speech.

Question 11

Valerie and her friends have been drinking heavily all evening. They have been stumbling and laughing excessively. Valerie has no idea where she is or what she is saying. She tried to answer a question but could not. She is having issues processing any information at all right now. This demonstrates ______.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol consumption can impair brain function, particularly affecting the frontal cortex, which is responsible for decision-making, problem-solving, and controlling behavior. Valerie's inability to process information and her disorientation suggest a reduced frontal cortex response.

Question 12

Substance use disorders are likely ______.

Accepted Answer

Substance use disorders are likely epigenetic, as they can be influenced by both genetic predispositions and environmental factors that affect gene expression.

Question 13

Which individual demonstrates the most risk for alcohol dependence throughout their lifetime?

Accepted Answer

Starting to drink at a younger age, such as in the eighth grade, is associated with a higher risk of developing alcohol dependence later in life.

Question 14

What impact do parents play in reducing the risk of alcohol and substance abuse problems in adolescents?

Accepted Answer

Parents who are warm, supportive, and involved can create a positive environment that reduces the risk of alcohol and substance abuse problems in adolescents by fostering open communication, trust, and guidance.

Question 15

Luis' parents always ask him about his day when they sit down to family dinner. They want to make sure that they know Luis' friends and where he is when he goes out. They discuss and support his decisions as he grows into an adult. Even when he makes mistakes, Luis feels that he is supported and loved by his parents. As far as substance and alcohol abuse, Luis' parents relationship with him will ______.

Accepted Answer

A supportive and communicative relationship with parents is associated with a reduced risk of substance and alcohol abuse in adolescents.

Question 16

Carter has watched his parents have many dinner parties over the years. He watches how all the adults act and how much they drink. His father tends to drink a lot before, during, and after dinner. He gets loud and obnoxious. His mother also drinks a lot. In fact, she tends to drink every evening throughout dinner. Carter's parents have modeled behavior that will have what effect most likely for Carter?

Accepted Answer

Carter's parents' behavior of drinking heavily and frequently is likely to increase his risk of drinking, as children often model behaviors observed in their parents.

Question 17

Which concept is defined as the rehashing and excessively discussing a problem, speculating about a problem, and focusing on the negative affect with a close friend?

Accepted Answer

Co-rumination involves repeatedly discussing and dwelling on problems and negative feelings with a close friend, often leading to increased stress and anxiety.

Question 18

Which is defined by being chronic and a marked loss of pleasure in all or almost all activities every day or most of the days in a 2-week period along with four other symptoms, such as feelings of worthlessness, over the same time period as determined in the DSM-V?

Accepted Answer

Major depressive disorder is characterized by a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest, including a marked loss of pleasure in activities, along with other symptoms such as feelings of worthlessness, as defined in the DSM-V.

Question 19

Which scenario indicates a symptom of major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Loss of interest in activities such as eating and significant weight loss are symptoms of major depressive disorder.

Question 20

Which statement is true of major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day for at least 2 weeks is a recognized symptom of major depressive disorder according to diagnostic criteria.

Quiz 12: Socioemotional and Behavioral Problems During Adolescence