Question 1

According to the text, aggression always:

Accepted Answer

Aggression is defined as behavior intended to harm or destroy, regardless of whether it involves emotional arousal, provocation, or physical pain.

Question 2

Based on the text's definition, aggression includes:

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

According to Pinker (2011), what is the situation regarding violence today in the world?

Accepted Answer

Steven Pinker argues in his book "The Better Angels of Our Nature" that violence has declined over long stretches of history and that we are living in one of the most peaceful times in human history.

Question 4

An armed robber strikes you after forcibly taking your money. This is known as:

Accepted Answer

The answer of An armed robber strikes you after forcibly...

Question 5

The difference between reactive aggression and proactive aggression is that:

Accepted Answer

Proactive aggression is goal-oriented and used as a means to achieve a desired outcome, while reactive aggression is impulsive, driven by anger, and intended to cause harm in response to a perceived threat or provocation.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of proactive aggression?

Accepted Answer

Proactive aggression is deliberate and goal-oriented, such as the bully pushing someone to take their candy.

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding aggression?

Accepted Answer

The limbic system, which includes structures such as the amygdala, is involved in emotional responses, including anger and aggression.

Question 8

In their study of the influence of perceived intent on aggressive behaviour, Rule and Nesdale found that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In their study of the influence of...

Question 9

The view that aggression is the result of the displacement of the accumulated energy from the death instinct outward onto others is known as:

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic approach to aggression, particularly as proposed by Freud, suggests that aggression is the result of the displacement of energy from the death instinct (Thanatos) outward onto others.

Question 10

The initial version of the frustration-aggression hypothesis suggested that:

Accepted Answer

The initial version of the frustration-aggression hypothesis proposed that frustration always leads to some form of aggression (A) and that every instance of aggression is preceded by some form of frustration (C).

Question 11

In Berkowitz' reformulation of the frustration-aggression hypothesis in terms of aversively-stimulated aggression, he argues that:

Accepted Answer

Berkowitz' reformulation suggests that unpleasant events can lead to both the motivation to escape and the motivation to attack, as they are aversive stimuli that can trigger aggressive responses.

Question 12

In a revision of the frustration-aggression hypothesis, Berkowitz has theorized that:

Accepted Answer

Berkowitz's revision of the frustration-aggression hypothesis suggests that cognitive appraisal influences how frustration leads to negative emotions, which can result in aggression.

Question 13

According to Berkowitz' aversively-stimulated aggression theory:

Accepted Answer

Berkowitz' theory suggests that cognitive appraisal can influence the extent to which frustrations lead to negative feelings and subsequent aggression.

Question 14

According to the kinship principle:

Accepted Answer

The kinship principle suggests that individuals are more likely to act altruistically towards their biological relatives to increase the survival of shared genes. This principle helps explain why step-parents might be more likely to harm step-children than biological children, as they do not share genes with step-children.

Question 15

Aggression arises when people are unable to release energy in socially accepted ways. This is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic approach to aggression, rooted in Freudian theory, suggests that aggression results from the buildup of energy that needs to be released, and when it cannot be released in socially acceptable ways, it may manifest as aggression.

Question 16

A process by which built-up aggressive energy is released is known as:

Accepted Answer

Catharsis is the process by which built-up aggressive energy is released.

Question 17

According to the evolutionary theory:

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the evolutionary theory:
...

Question 18

Research indicates regarding genetics and aggression:

Accepted Answer

Research shows that brains differ in plasticity, affecting susceptibility to environmental influences, and maltreated children with a specific gene (such as MAOA) are more likely to exhibit antisocial behavior.

Question 19

According to Berkowitz, which of the following best accounts for the effect on aggression resulting from the pairing of weapons and aggression on television?

Accepted Answer

Berkowitz's theory suggests that the pairing of weapons and aggression on television can lead to classical conditioning, where the presence of weapons becomes associated with aggressive responses.

Question 20

Which of the following concepts or theories is sometimes used to defend television and film violence?

Accepted Answer

Catharsis is a concept suggesting that viewing violence in media can provide a release of aggressive energy, thereby reducing the likelihood of aggressive behavior in real life.

Quiz 11: Aggression