Question 1

Trying to remember information by visualizing some an image in your head requires:

Accepted Answer

The visuospatial sketchpad is a component of working memory that is responsible for handling visual and spatial information, such as visualizing images in your mind.

Question 2

Memory of events and facts falls into which category of memory?

Accepted Answer

Memory of events and facts falls into the category of long-term memory. Long-term memory is the store of knowledge and memories that are retained for a long period of time, including events, facts, and personal experiences.

Question 3

Long-term memory is subdivided into which categories?

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is divided into implicit (nondeclarative) and explicit (declarative) memory.

Question 4

An example of a declarative episode is:

Accepted Answer

Declarative memory involves recalling facts and events, such as remembering details from a specific event like a birthday party.

Question 5

In Pavlov's experiment with salivating dogs, the ringing of the bell is the:

Accepted Answer

In Pavlov's experiment, the ringing of the bell is the conditioned stimulus because it was originally a neutral stimulus that, after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus (food), began to elicit the conditioned response (salivation).

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a behavior learned through operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning involves learning through the consequences of behavior, such as rewards or punishments. In this case, the rat learns to push the lever to receive a food pellet, which is a behavior learned through operant conditioning.

Question 7

The neural circuitry of the amygdala is associated with:

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is primarily involved in processing emotions and is crucial for learned emotional responses.

Question 8

A rat enters a maze and heads to the right. The rat finds food at the end of the right fork of the maze. What should happen the next time the rat enters the maze?

Accepted Answer

The rat is likely to repeat the behavior that led to a positive outcome (finding food), so it will have an increased probability of going to the right again.

Question 9

An individual suffering from semantic dementia would most likely be unable to recall:

Accepted Answer

Semantic dementia primarily affects the understanding of word meanings and concepts, such as the sound a dog makes, rather than personal memories or procedural skills.

Question 10

The hippocampus contains ____ distinct regions of neurons.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus contains four distinct regions of neurons, known as CA1, CA2, CA3, and the dentate gyrus.

Question 11

PET and fMRI studies on episodic memory show that the hippocampus is active during the retrieval of:

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is involved in the retrieval of both recent and remote autobiographical episodes, as it plays a crucial role in the consolidation and retrieval of episodic memories.

Question 12

The Morris water maze and the radial arm maze are both use to run experiments on which type of memory?

Accepted Answer

Both the Morris water maze and the radial arm maze are used to assess spatial memory, which involves the ability to navigate and remember the environment.

Question 13

The multiple-trace theory says that the hippocampus is continually involved in recalling:

Accepted Answer

The multiple-trace theory posits that the hippocampus is always involved in the retrieval of episodic memories, which are memories of personal experiences and specific events.

Question 14

Which type of evidence for functional localization is obtained during surgery, while the patient is awake and able to report physical effects to the surgeon?

Accepted Answer

During awake brain surgery, surgeons use electrical stimulation to map brain functions by observing the patient's responses, providing direct evidence of functional localization.

Question 15

What is one reason why it is possible for some individuals to memorize and recall enormous amounts of information in a short period of time?

Accepted Answer

Some individuals use a technique called the "method of loci" or memory palace, which involves associating information with specific locations, making it easier to recall.

Question 16

What is a characteristic of a confabulation?

Accepted Answer

Confabulation involves the creation of false memories or narratives without the intention to deceive, and the individual often believes these false realities to be true.

Question 17

_____ is the proclivity of an individual to believe and even elaborate on implanted false memories.

Accepted Answer

Suggestibility refers to the tendency of individuals to accept and incorporate misleading information from external sources into their own memory, leading to the creation of false memories.

Question 18

Brain activity differences between true and false memories are most easily observed at the time of memory:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Brain activity differences between true and false...

Question 19

Neuroscientists Bliss and Lomo stimulated input nerve fibers in the rabbit hippocampus and made what discovery?

Accepted Answer

Bliss and Lomo discovered long-term potentiation (LTP), showing that synaptic connections can be strengthened by repeated activity, which is crucial for learning and memory.

Question 20

After a long-term memory has been recalled, the memory must be:

Accepted Answer

When a long-term memory is recalled, it undergoes a process called reconsolidation, where it is stabilized again in the brain.

Quiz 9: Memory