Bird and Waters (1989) Describe the Phenomenon of Moral Muteness

Bird and Waters (1989) describe the phenomenon of moral muteness, in which managers reframe moral actions and motives in non-moral terms. Managers do this, say Bird and Waters, because they are worried about perceived threats. Which of the following do managers not feel is under threat through the use of moral terms?

A) Harmony - fear of disturbing organizational harmony.
B) Efficiency - fear of making decision-making more difficult, time-consuming and inflexible.
C) Credibility - fear of losing organizational credibility with stakeholders, particularly shareholders.
D) Images of power and effectiveness - fear that own image might suffer for being too idealistic and insufficiently robust.