Question 1

Which term best describes a person through which the principal causes the actus reus?

Accepted Answer

An "innocent agent" is a person who unknowingly performs the actus reus on behalf of the principal, who is the one actually responsible for the crime.

Question 2

Which ONE of the following is NOT an actus reus element of accessorial liability?

Accepted Answer

Conspiring is not an actus reus element of accessorial liability; it is a separate offense related to agreeing to commit a crime.

Question 3

Which ONE of the following CANNOT be performed before the commission of the principal offence?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

Which of the following cases is authority for the principle that procuring means "to produce by endeavour"?

Accepted Answer

AG's Reference (No 1 of 1975) (1975) is the case that established the principle that procuring means "to produce by endeavour".

Question 5

Advising, soliciting, encouraging or threatening the principal to commit an offence amounts to which ONE of the following?

Accepted Answer

Counselling is the act of advising, soliciting, encouraging or threatening the principal to commit an offence.

Question 6

Miranda and Cheryl decide to take part in a robbery of a bank. Unbeknown to Cheryl, Miranda takes a loaded gun with her. During the robbery, Miranda pulls out the gun and shoots an employee of the bank, killing him. Which of the following statements correctly represent the mens rea required to convict Cheryl of murder?

Accepted Answer

Cheryl must have the intention to encourage or assist Miranda in committing the crime, knowing that Miranda might intentionally inflict GBH or kill.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the Supreme Court decision in R v Jogee (2016) is correct?

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court in R v Jogee clarified that foresight is evidence of intention but is not synonymous with intention.

Question 8

Which of the following cases is authority for the proposition that a defendant must "countermand" or "repent" in order to successfully withdraw his participation at the scene of the crime?

Accepted Answer

In Becerra and Cooper (1976), the court held that a defendant must take steps to "countermand" or "repent" their involvement in the crime to successfully withdraw from participation.

Quiz 16: Accessorial Liability