Question 1

Which of the following is not a major approach to studying cognition in adulthood?

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic approach is not a major approach to studying cognition in adulthood. It focuses more on unconscious processes and emotional aspects of human behavior, rather than cognitive processes and changes in adulthood. The other options (psychometric approach, information processing approach, and Baltes' dual-process concept) are directly related to studying cognitive functions and changes in adulthood.

Question 2

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) assesses ______ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) assesses both crystallized and fluid intelligence, where crystallized intelligence refers to the ability to use learned knowledge and experience, and fluid intelligence refers to the ability to solve new problems, use logic in new situations, and identify patterns.

Question 3

Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is based on deviations from the mean and is standardized to equal ______.

Accepted Answer

The Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is standardized to have a mean of 100, with deviations from this mean representing differences in intelligence levels.

Question 4

Because IQ is standardized, we would expect that the majority of people would have an IQ score between ______.

Accepted Answer

The majority of people have an IQ score between 85 and 115, as IQ scores follow a normal distribution with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. This range encompasses approximately 68% of the population.

Question 5

The organized, systematic, and acculturated learning provided by society refers to ______.

Accepted Answer

Crystallized ability refers to the knowledge and skills that are acquired through experience and education, which aligns with the concept of organized, systematic, and acculturated learning provided by society.

Question 6

Fluid ability is thought to ______ over the life span.

Accepted Answer

Fluid ability, which includes skills like problem-solving and reasoning, is known to increase during early life, peak in young adulthood, and then decline as one ages.

Question 7

Researchers have found that scores on chemistry, music, art, law, and physics increased in young and middle-aged people. This shows an increase in ______ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to the accumulation of knowledge, skills, and experience that a person has acquired over time. The increase in scores across various fields such as chemistry, music, art, law, and physics in young and middle-aged people indicates an enhancement in their crystallized intelligence, which encompasses knowledge and abilities gained through learning and experience.

Question 8

Which of the following factors is not included in Thurstone's theory of primary mental abilities?

Accepted Answer

Thurstone's theory of primary mental abilities includes several factors such as spatial reasoning, perceptual speed, and numerical ability, but it does not specifically include social relations as a primary mental ability.

Question 9

Perceptual speed can be measured by ______.

Accepted Answer

Perceptual speed involves quickly and accurately comparing or identifying figures and symbols. Asking people to perform proofreading tasks is a direct way to measure this ability, as it requires quickly spotting errors or differences in text, which aligns with the skills involved in perceptual speed.

Question 10

What is the name of the most extensive study of adult intellectual development to date?

Accepted Answer

The Seattle Longitudinal Studies of Aging is the most extensive study of adult intellectual development to date, focusing on how cognitive abilities change with age.

Question 11

Arguably the most important finding from Schaie's study of adult intelligence is that ______.

Accepted Answer

Schaie's study of adult intelligence found that cognitive decline is not entirely biologically based, suggesting that environmental factors, lifestyle, and mental engagement can influence cognitive abilities in adulthood. This challenges the notion that cognitive decline is solely a result of aging.

Question 12

The structure approach to memory suggests that ______.

Accepted Answer

The structure approach to memory posits that memory is composed of distinct components or entities, each with its own function, rather than being a single, undifferentiated process. This approach is foundational to models that distinguish between different types of memory, such as sensory, short-term, and long-term memory.

Question 13

Information in sensory memory decays rapidly within ______ s.

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory, such as iconic memory for visual stimuli, typically lasts for a very brief period, often between 1/3 to 1 second.

Question 14

Holding information in our memory about the day's specials at a restaurant is an example of use of our ______.

Accepted Answer

Holding information about the day's specials at a restaurant is an example of using our short-term memory, which is designed for temporary storage and manipulation of information needed for complex cognitive tasks.

Question 15

When completing a digit span task, the typical young adult can hold ______ digits in their working memory.

Accepted Answer

The typical young adult can hold six digits in their working memory when completing a digit span task.

Question 16

When completing a forward digit span task, the typical older adult can hold about five digits in their working memory. This is referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

Limited processing capacity refers to the maximum amount of information that can be held in working memory, which in the context of the forward digit span task for typical older adults is about five digits.

Question 17

Research has suggested that younger adults are better at ______.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that younger adults tend to be better at recalling names compared to older adults, who may struggle more with this task due to the natural cognitive aging process.

Question 18

In the context of long-term memory, registration best refers to ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the context of long-term memory, registration...

Question 19

People who know more may actually appear to have a worse memory. This is because ______.

Accepted Answer

What they have stored is more complex and extensive, which can make it seem like they have a worse memory because they have more information to sift through.

Question 20

The "tip-of-the-tongue" phenomenon is an example of a difficulty with ______.

Accepted Answer

The "tip-of-the-tongue" phenomenon is an example of a difficulty with retrieval, where the individual is unable to recall a word or a piece of information but has a strong feeling that they know it.

Quiz 3: Cognitive Development Across Adulthood