Jason E Klein and Alan R

Jason E. Klein and Alan R. Fleischman | The Private Practicing Physician-Investigator: Ethical Implications of Clinical Research in the Office Setting
Klein and Fleischman discuss the conflicts of interest in contemporary medical research due to the shift in recent decades from clinical trials based in academic centers to pharmaceutical company-based recruitment of "patient-subjects" directly through private practicing "physician-investigators." They conclude with a number of recommendations to reduce or eliminate these conflicts.
-Potential conflicts arise when clinical research coincides with patient care, because

A) the physician is obliged to serve the interests of the patient.
B) the physician is obliged to contribute to the advancement of knowledge.
C) a pharmaceutical company may be paying the physician directly.
D) all of the above