Jason E Klein and Alan R

Jason E. Klein and Alan R. Fleischman | The Private Practicing Physician-Investigator: Ethical Implications of Clinical Research in the Office Setting
Klein and Fleischman discuss the conflicts of interest in contemporary medical research due to the shift in recent decades from clinical trials based in academic centers to pharmaceutical company-based recruitment of "patient-subjects" directly through private practicing "physician-investigators." They conclude with a number of recommendations to reduce or eliminate these conflicts.
-By recruiting subjects directly through private physicians, pharmaceutical companies

A) access a large number of subjects.
B) employ their own research design experts.
C) keep costs down.
D) all of the above