Question 1

Androgens can contribute to the development of acne by increasing secretion of sebaceous glands during puberty. However, androgen receptor blockers would not be a good acne treatment because they could interfere with

Accepted Answer

Androgens play a crucial role in the pubertal development of both males and females, influencing secondary sexual characteristics, growth, and reproductive system maturation. Blocking androgen receptors could disrupt these processes in both genders.

Question 2

Androgen levels rise steadily in both sexes during puberty, but they reach much higher levels in _______ than in _______.

Accepted Answer

Androgen levels, which include hormones like testosterone, are significantly higher in males than in females, especially after puberty. This difference is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males.

Question 3

The initial pubertal rise in androgens in both sexes is due to activity of the

Accepted Answer

The initial pubertal rise in androgens in both sexes is primarily due to the activity of the adrenal glands, a phase known as adrenarche.

Question 4

Gonadotropin secretion is triggered by an increase in secretion of _______ by the _______.

Accepted Answer

Gonadotropin secretion is triggered by an increase in secretion of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. GnRH stimulates the pituitary to release gonadotropins (LH and FSH).

Question 5

The timing of puberty correlates better with _______ than with _______.

Accepted Answer

The timing of puberty correlates better with body weight than with chronological age. This is because the onset of puberty is more closely linked to reaching a certain body mass or composition, which is necessary for supporting reproductive functions, rather than simply age.

Question 6

Women who have never had a menstrual period have

Accepted Answer

Primary amenorrhea is the condition where a woman has never had a menstrual period by the age she is expected to. This can be due to various factors including genetic, anatomical abnormalities, or hormonal imbalances.

Question 7

Females who engage in activities like gymnastics, ballet, and long-distance running often suffer from either primary or secondary amenorrhea. This is most likely due to

Accepted Answer

Females who engage in activities like gymnastics, ballet, and long-distance running often have extremely low levels of body fat, which can lead to disruptions in the normal menstrual cycle, causing primary or secondary amenorrhea. This is because a minimum amount of body fat is necessary for the normal production of estrogen, which regulates the menstrual cycle.

Question 8

A key event that triggers puberty is an increase in GnRH secretion by the hypothalamus, which subsequently activates gonadotropin secretion. Precocious (early-onset) puberty is often treated by manipulating this hormonal system with

Accepted Answer

Administration of GnRH analogs at constant high levels is a common treatment for precocious puberty. This approach suppresses the pulsatile secretion of GnRH, which is necessary for the stimulation of LH and FSH release, thereby reducing the premature sexual maturation.

Question 9

Puberty is considered _______ if pubic hair, and/or breast or testes enlargement begins as early as 5-6 years of age.

Accepted Answer

Puberty is considered precocious if it begins at an unusually early age, such as 5-6 years old, characterized by the early development of pubic hair, breast enlargement in girls, and testes enlargement in boys.

Question 10

Puberty is considered _______ if signs of maturation are not evident by 13 (girls) or 14 (boys) years of age.

Accepted Answer

Puberty is considered delayed if signs of maturation are not evident by age 13 in girls or age 14 in boys, indicating a later than typical start of physical development.

Question 11

Intersexuality raises complex social and ethical issues primarily because affected individuals

Accepted Answer

Intersex individuals may face complex social and ethical issues because they do not always fit neatly into the binary categories of male and female that society and medicine traditionally recognize, challenging conventional definitions of "normal."

Question 12

The removal of masking proteins from the outer surface of a sperm is called

Accepted Answer

Capacitation is the process by which sperm undergo physiological changes to gain the ability to penetrate and fertilize an egg, including the removal of proteins from their surface.

Question 13

What is the relationship between bourgeonal and the human ovum?

Accepted Answer

Bourgeonal is a chemical compound that acts as an attractant for human sperm cells towards the ovum, indicating a chemotactic interaction.

Question 14

Immediately after fertilization, the ovum undergoes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Immediately after fertilization, the ovum undergoes
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Question 15

The placenta originates from the _______ of the embryo.

Accepted Answer

The placenta originates from the mesoderm and endoderm of the embryo. The mesoderm forms the chorionic villi, which are finger-like projections that invade the uterine wall and form the maternal-fetal interface. The endoderm forms the amnion, which is a thin membrane that surrounds the embryo and protects it from the amniotic fluid.

Question 16

Fetal hormones

Accepted Answer

Fetal hormones play a crucial role in preparing the mother's body for childbirth and breastfeeding. They help in the development of the breasts for milk production and also maintain the pregnant uterus, ensuring it remains a supportive environment for the developing fetus.

Question 17

Fetal hemoglobin is _______ than adult hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin, allowing it to effectively extract oxygen from the mother's blood, which operates at lower oxygen levels.

Question 18

Which of the following is in the correct sequence?

Accepted Answer

The SRY gene initiates the development of testes, which in turn leads to male development. This sequence correctly follows the biological process of sex determination in males.

Question 19

The minimal genetic requirement to ensure male rather than female development is

Accepted Answer

The SRY gene, located on the Y chromosome, is the minimal genetic requirement for male development. It triggers the pathway leading to the development of male physical characteristics.

Question 20

Which of the following about individuals with Turner syndrome is false?

Accepted Answer

Turner syndrome is typically associated with normal language skills, while visuospatial skills may be deficient.

Quiz 6: Sexual Development