Question 1

The first conspiracy statute was enacted as early as

Accepted Answer

The first conspiracy statute was enacted in 1285 in England, known as the Statute of Conspirators.

Question 2

Which of the following is required by most jurisdictions when considering conspiracy crimes?

Accepted Answer

Most jurisdictions require an overt act to be taken towards the commission of the crime in conspiracy cases. This means that at least one of the conspirators must take a concrete step beyond mere agreement to commit the crime, demonstrating their commitment to the conspiracy.

Question 3

Conspiracy is a specific intent offense.

Accepted Answer

Conspiracy requires that the parties involved have the specific intent to agree on committing a crime and also intend to achieve the objective of that agreement, making it a specific intent offense.

Question 4

Wheel conspiracies are easier to prosecute than chain conspiracies.

Accepted Answer

Wheel conspiracies involve a single person or group (the hub) interacting separately with various other parties (the spokes), without those parties interacting with each other, making it harder to prove the interconnectedness required for conspiracy. Chain conspiracies, on the other hand, involve participants at different points of a sequence (like links in a chain) who are dependent on the preceding step being successful, making it easier to demonstrate the conspiracy due to the clear interdependence and flow of actions.

Question 5

The person at the center of a wheel conspiracy is known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

In a wheel conspiracy, the person at the center is referred to as "The Hub," coordinating the activities of the other participants, who are known as the "spokes."

Question 6

Most conspiracies involve formal agreements.

Accepted Answer

Conspiracies often involve informal, secretive collaborations or plans, not necessarily formal agreements.

Question 7

The overt act is proof that the conspiracy is alive and operative.

Accepted Answer

An overt act in the context of a conspiracy is an action that demonstrates the conspiracy is active and moving towards its goal, serving as evidence that the conspirators are genuinely attempting to execute their plan.

Question 8

Which of the following are examples of lawful actions satisfy the over act requirement?

Accepted Answer

All of the examples provided (making a phone call, attending a meeting to plan the crime, and mailing a letter) can satisfy the over act requirement if they are in furtherance of the conspiracy or criminal plan. The over act does not need to be an illegal act itself; it merely needs to be an act that moves the conspiracy forward.

Question 9

Which of the following inchoate offenses is the exception to the doctrine of merger.

Accepted Answer

Conspiracy is the exception to the doctrine of merger because a person can be charged with both conspiracy to commit a crime and the crime itself if it is actually committed. This does not apply to attempt and solicitation, which generally merge into the completed offense and do not result in separate charges.

Question 10

Which of the following crimes is not considered to be a major inchoate crime?

Accepted Answer

Inchoate crimes are incomplete crimes that involve taking steps toward committing another crime. The major inchoate crimes typically include conspiracy, attempt, and solicitation. Stalking, while a serious offense, is not classified among these traditional inchoate crimes as it does not necessarily involve preparation for another specific crime.

Question 11

Which of the following crimes is not considered simple inchoate crimes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following crimes is not...

Question 12

__________ became the first state to pass anti-stalking legislation.

Accepted Answer

California was the first state to pass anti-stalking legislation in 1990, in response to a series of high-profile stalking cases, including the murder of actress Rebecca Schaeffer.

Question 13

The Justice Department, in 2012, estimated that there were approximately _________ million stalking victims.

Accepted Answer

The Justice Department estimated that there were approximately 3.3 million stalking victims in 2012.

Question 14

Stalking behavior can include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed (unwanted phone calls, unsolicited letters or emails, and spying on the victim) are examples of behaviors that can be considered stalking.

Quiz 4: Incomplete Crimes