Question 1

The World Health Organization defines which of the following as "the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age"?

Accepted Answer

The World Health Organization defines "social determinants of health" as the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age.

Question 2

Which of the following was enacted because many private hospitals had long turned away patients who were uninsured and could not pay for their care out-of-pocket?

Accepted Answer

The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) was enacted to ensure that patients are not turned away from emergency medical care due to lack of insurance or inability to pay.

Question 3

Which strategy is based on the knowledge that several urgent health-related challenges, such as inequities, chronic disease, and skyrocketing costs, are often complex, multidimensional, and connected to one another?

Accepted Answer

The "Health in all policies" strategy is designed to address complex, interconnected health challenges by integrating health considerations into policymaking across different sectors to improve health outcomes and reduce inequities.

Question 4

Which of the following is a not-for-profit corporation created by federal law in 1974 as the single, largest financer of civil legal aid for low-income Americans?

Accepted Answer

The Legal Services Corporation (LSC) was established by Congress in 1974 to provide financial support for civil legal aid to low-income Americans. It is a not-for-profit corporation created by federal law.

Question 5

Educational attainment and corresponding income levels tend to be strong predictors of individual and population health.

Accepted Answer

Higher educational attainment often leads to better job opportunities and higher income, which can provide access to healthcare, healthier lifestyles, and environments, thus influencing health outcomes.

Question 6

Lawyers in medical-legal partnership provide legal advice to clinicians on matters of medical liability and informed consent, and they represent them in insurance and disciplinary matters.

Accepted Answer

Medical-legal partnerships primarily focus on addressing legal issues that affect patients' health, not providing legal advice to clinicians on medical liability or representing them in insurance and disciplinary matters.

Question 7

The government is required to provide legal counsel to all federal defendants who are unable to afford their own attorney.

Accepted Answer

The Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to legal counsel, and the Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) extended this right to state courts, requiring that legal counsel be provided to defendants who cannot afford it.

Question 8

A __________ exists when one population group experiences a higher burden of disability or illness than another group.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A __________ exists when one population group...

Question 9

The __________ and cell phones are becoming increasingly useful in individual and population health, including things such as appointment reminders, learning more about one's symptoms and diagnoses, and buying insurance through state exchanges.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ and cell phones are becoming...

Question 10

__________ branch committees at the federal, state, and local levels that are not typically considered "health" committees could create legislation with the HIAP approach in mind.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ branch committees at the federal, state,...

Question 11

In 2010, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services developed a series of strategies and goals for eliminating health disparities based on:

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services focused on eliminating health disparities based on race, as racial and ethnic minorities often face significant health disparities.

Question 12

Which agency has regularly found that individuals of the lowest income levels and lowest education levels suffered the greatest age-adjusted prevalence and incidence rate of diagnosed diabetes?

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) regularly conducts studies and reports on public health issues, including the prevalence and incidence of diabetes, particularly among different socioeconomic groups.

Question 13

The fact that the government is required to provide legal counsel to all federal defendants who are unable to afford their own attorney is a right defined by the __________ to the U.S. Constitution.

Accepted Answer

The Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to a fair trial, which includes the right to legal counsel for defendants who cannot afford an attorney.

Question 14

In which of the following is a legal services attorney embedded in a medical setting to address underlying social conditions that negatively affect patient heath?

Accepted Answer

Medical-legal partnerships involve legal services attorneys working within healthcare settings to address social determinants of health that affect patient outcomes.

Question 15

There is no right to be assisted by a lawyer in a civil matter, even when the most basic human needs are in question.

Accepted Answer

The right to counsel only applies to criminal cases, not civil cases.

Question 16

People who live in predominately minority neighborhoods are more likely to have poor access to healthy foods.

Accepted Answer

Research and studies have shown that predominately minority neighborhoods often have fewer supermarkets and more convenience stores, leading to limited access to healthy food options.

Question 17

One recent and fascinating study demonstrated that the brains of children in low-income families actually had less surface area than brains of children from families who were wealthier.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that socioeconomic factors can influence brain development, with studies indicating that children from lower-income families may have differences in brain structure, including surface area, compared to those from wealthier families.

Question 18

A healthcare disparity highlights equal access to healthcare services or insurance, or in the quality of care actually received.

Accepted Answer

A healthcare disparity refers to differences in access to healthcare services, insurance, or quality of care received, often due to socioeconomic, racial, or geographic factors, not equal access.

Question 19

A situation in which everyone has the opportunity to attain his or her full health potential is referred to as health equity.

Accepted Answer

Health equity ensures that everyone has a fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible, addressing barriers and disparities in health outcomes.

Question 20

The National Health Service Corps was founded to provide incentives to graduates of medical school and other health professions programs to practice primary care in underserved areas because many graduates wanted to enter a medical specialty instead.

Accepted Answer

The National Health Service Corps was established to address the shortage of primary care providers in underserved areas by offering incentives to medical graduates, as many preferred to specialize rather than practice primary care.

Quiz 7: Structural and Social Drivers of Health and the Role of Law in Optimizing Health