Question 1

Which of the following is the general purpose of conducting nutritional epidemiological studies?

Accepted Answer

Nutritional epidemiological studies aim to understand the relationship between dietary factors and health outcomes, helping to identify how nutrition impacts health and disease.

Question 2

What is a strength of the prevalence study design?

Accepted Answer

Prevalence studies are cross-sectional and are good for studying diseases with longer latency because they capture a snapshot of the population at a single point in time, which can include both new and existing cases.

Question 3

Choose the study described below that likely has the greatest causality, considering the Bradford-Hill criteria as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the study designs.

Accepted Answer

A prospective cohort study is a type of observational study that follows a group of people over time to identify factors that may be associated with the development of a disease or other health outcome. This type of study design is considered to have a higher level of causality than other types of observational studies, such as cross-sectional studies or case-control studies, because it allows researchers to control for potential confounding factors and to observe the development of the outcome over time.

Question 4

Which of the following is a measure of incidence in a population?

Accepted Answer

Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease or condition in a specific population during a defined time period. Option B describes new cases of breast cancer over one year, which is a measure of incidence.

Question 5

Which dietary assessment methods would be best used for used to determine the current dietary patterns of a specific population?

Accepted Answer

Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) is best for assessing dietary patterns over a longer period, making it suitable for determining the current dietary patterns of a population.

Question 6

How might nutritional epidemiological research be utilized in the field of public health?

Accepted Answer

Nutritional epidemiological research can be used to create evidence-based interventions for nutrition behavior change (A) and to advocate for policy change surrounding the foods provided in the school system (C), both of which are important aspects of public health.

Question 7

Select the best description of an ecological/correlational study design.

Accepted Answer

Ecological/correlational studies examine relationships between risk factors and disease outcomes at the population level, rather than the individual level.

Question 8

Select the best description of a cross-sectional/prevalence study design.

Accepted Answer

A cross-sectional/prevalence study design creates a "snapshot" of an existing disease and factors that may be associated, assessing both exposure and outcome at a single point in time.

Question 9

Select the best description of a case-control study design.

Accepted Answer

A case-control study involves identifying individuals with a disease (cases) and comparing them to individuals without the disease (controls) to identify potential exposures or risk factors associated with the disease.

Question 10

Select the best description of a cohort study design.

Accepted Answer

A cohort study design involves following a group of people over time to assess the relationship between an exposure and a disease outcome, with data on exposures collected before the disease develops.

Quiz 2: Nutritional Epidemiology: An Introduction