Question 1

The nurse is caring for a blind patient.Which action is most appropriate when entering the patient's room?

Accepted Answer

Speaking to the person by name allows the patient to know someone has entered the room and will avoid startling the patient.

Question 2

The nurse is teaching a group of schoolchildren about the relationship between diet and vision.The nurse encourages the ingestion of foods rich in vitamin A.Which food choice should the nurse recommend?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A protects against night blindness,slow adaptation to darkness,and glare blindness.The carotenoids are the precursors for vitamin A and are found in green leafy and yellow vegetables.

Question 3

During examination of the fundus of the eye,the nurse assesses a choked disc.Which statement accurately explains the significant of this finding?

Accepted Answer

Visualization of the optic disc provides information about the pressure within the eye and within the skull.When ICP gets higher,the optic disc appears "swollen" or "choked."

Question 4

The nurse is reviewing the health history of a 26-year-old patient who denies corrective lenses.Which scenario indicates that the patient follows preventive eye examination recommendations?

Accepted Answer

Starting at age 25,adults should have an eye examination every 5 to 10 years until age 40,every 2 to 4 years from 40 to 54,and every 1 to 3 years from 55 to 64.After age 65,eyes should be examined by an eye specialist every 1 to 2 years (AHRQ,2014).

Question 5

The nurse is caring for a patient who presents to the clinic a small,hard lesion on the eyelid.Which condition is consistent with these findings?

Accepted Answer

Chalazion is an internal stye caused by infection of the meibomian gland.

Question 6

A patient tilts her head to the side while reading a pamphlet.The nurse recognizes that this action may be an attempt to compensate for which problem?

Accepted Answer

Tilting the head may indicate a visual disturbance such as double vision or that one eye is stronger than the other.Tilting the head to read would not affect tinnitus (ringing in the ears)or nystagmus (involuntary eye movements).Shading the eyes may be noted with photophobia.

Question 7

The nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing diabetes-related visual changes.Which statement indicates that the patient accurately understands the nurse's teaching about the cause of vision changes in diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged periods of hyperglycemia cause damage to the retina from bleeding.Insulin does not result in visual changes in the patient with diabetes.Lens opacity and corneal dryness will not promote vision-related complications in the patient with diabetes mellitus.

Question 8

The visually impaired person has entered the outpatient clinic with a guide dog.What action is most appropriate for the nurse to take?

Accepted Answer

The dog should not be distracted while it is working.The dog will seat the patient if possible; if not,the nurse can ask how best the patient can be directed.

Question 9

The nurse assesses the age-related changes that occur in the eye.Which finding(s)is/are consistent with aging?

Accepted Answer

Age-related eye changes include corneal flattening,water loss from the lens,and occurrence of presbyopia and ectropion.Subcutaneous fat decreases with aging.

Question 10

An office assistant tells the nurse his job requires him to work at his computer for 7 to 8 hours each day.Which statement indicates that the nurse's teaching about preventing eyestrain has been successful?

Accepted Answer

To prevent eyestrain,the patient should rest the eye muscles periodically when working at the computer or performing any activity that demands intensive visual effort.Resting the eye muscles every several hours helps prevent eye fatigue.Protective goggles do not help prevent eyestrain.Nutrients such as lutein and zeaxanthin are found in carrots and cooked spinach and are good for the eyes but do not reduce eyestrain.Overuse of artificial tears is not recommended,and proper usage works to combat dry eyes.

Question 11

The nurse is assessing an 84-year-old patient.Which finding is consistent with aging?

Accepted Answer

Thickened,hard cerumen collections in the outer ear can disrupt sound conduction and impair hearing.Age-related changes may include reduced perception of low-frequency sounds.Pain in the outer ear is not a normal change related to aging,nor is increased hair on the pinna.

Question 12

The nurse is caring for a 40-year-old patient.How often should the nurse recommend that this patient undergo testing for glaucoma?

Accepted Answer

Glaucoma testing should be done every 2 to 3 years for people over age 40.

Question 13

The nurse recalls that the Healthy People 2020 objectives for vision include directives for which goals?

Accepted Answer

Healthy People 2020 includes many objectives to prevent vision problems,including reduction of uncorrected refractive errors,diabetic retinopathy,and cataract-related visual impairment,along with increased use of protective eyewear.Vision screening for children should begin at age 5.

Question 14

The patient is experiencing frequent attacks of vertigo.When planning care,which activity should the nurse encourage?

Accepted Answer

Cessation of smoking will decrease incidence of vertigo in the person with middle-ear disorders.Tobacco is vasoconstrictive and can affect the blood supply to the inner ear and nerves.When increased fluid pressure in the inner ear is suspected as the cause of dizziness,the provider may order a low-sodium diet and limit fluid intake.Alcohol intake does not combat vertigo.

Question 15

When assessing for macular degeneration,the nurse should use which assessment tool?

Accepted Answer

The Amsler grid test assesses the extent of macular degeneration by noting the patient's perception of missing or wavy lines on the grid.The Snellen eye chart is used to assess visual acuity.Visual field assessments may be used to assess peripheral vision.

Question 16

How often should eye cosmetics be discarded?

Accepted Answer

Eye cosmetics should be discarded every 6 months to prevent infection.

Question 17

The student nurse is ambulating with a blind patient.Which technique(s)indicate(s)that the student nurse requires further instruction?

Accepted Answer

The safest and most effective technique when ambulating a blind patient involves allowing the patient to hold the nurse's arm,as the patient follows.The nurse should not hold the patient's arm,instruct the patient to place his hands on the nurse's shoulders,or hold the patient's hand,so these actions would require additional teaching.

Question 18

The nurse is orienting a visually impaired patient to a meal plate.Which action is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Identifying food location by position on an imaginary clock face is helpful to the visually impaired patient.

Question 19

A tonometer reading reflects the amount of pressure exerted by which component of the eye?

Accepted Answer

The tonometer reads the pressure exerted by the aqueous humor in the anterior chamber.The sclera is the part of the eyeball that is opaque white and covers the posterior portion of the eyeball.The vitreous humor is the substance found in the posterior chamber of the eye between the lens and the retina.The cornea is a transparent structure in the eye that allows light to hit the lens.It is involved in the bending of light rays.

Question 20

Which component in the eye refracts light rays to be directed to the lens?

Accepted Answer

The cornea bends or refracts the light rays onto the retina.The pupil acts to regulate the entrance of light into the eye.The ciliary body helps to change the shape of the eye for far and near vision.The retina is the inner coat of the eyeball and is found in the posterior portion of it.The retina contains several layers.The layer with rods and cones acts as the receptor for light images.

Quiz 25: The Sensory System: Eye and Ear