Question 1

Risky use of alcohol for women and persons older than 65 years entails drinking more than _____ drinks per week or more than ______ drinks per occasion.

Accepted Answer

Risky use of alcohol for women and persons older than 65 years is defined as consuming more than 7 drinks per week or more than 3 drinks per occasion.

Question 2

All of the following are features of alcohol use disorder according to DSM-5, except:

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 criteria for alcohol use disorder include unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control alcohol use, not successful efforts.

Question 3

The estimated annual costs attributable to alcohol use are:

Accepted Answer

The estimated annual costs attributable to alcohol use are typically reported to be more than 1% of the gross national product, considering healthcare costs, lost productivity, and other related expenses.

Question 4

The process whereby some yeasts act on sugar in cereal grains, fruits, and so on, and recombine the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen molecules of the sugar into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide is known as:

Accepted Answer

Fermentation is the process by which yeasts convert sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide, commonly used in brewing and winemaking.

Question 5

The proof number indicates what percentage alcohol by volume the drink contains and is ______ the percentage alcohol by volume.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The proof number indicates what percentage alcohol...

Question 6

All of the following are factors that increase the absorption of alcohol, except:

Accepted Answer

Women have a higher percentage of body fat than men, which means that alcohol is distributed in a smaller volume of water in women, resulting in a higher blood alcohol concentration.

Question 7

Alcohol acts on all of the following neurotransmitters, except:

Accepted Answer

Alcohol primarily affects GABA and glutamate neurotransmitter systems, and to some extent acetylcholine, but not adrenaline.

Question 8

All of the following are effects of alcohol at 0.05 g/dl BAC, except:

Accepted Answer

At 0.05 g/dl BAC, effects typically include lowered alertness, some euphoria, and a feeling of relaxation, but not an unsteady gait, which occurs at higher BAC levels.

Question 9

With alcohol, the state of surgical anesthesia is attained at what level of BAC?

Accepted Answer

A BAC of 0.35 g/dl is typically associated with the state of surgical anesthesia, as it indicates a very high level of intoxication that can lead to unconsciousness and suppression of vital functions.

Question 10

Approximately what number of Americans self-reported drinking and driving?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 159 million Americans have self-reported drinking and driving.

Question 11

Statement A: The major organ that is damaged by alcohol is the brain. Statement B: Alcohol drinking causes Alzheimer's disease.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol primarily affects the liver, but it also significantly impacts the brain, causing damage over time. However, while alcohol can contribute to cognitive decline, it is not a direct cause of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 12

A classic organic brain damage syndrome due to chronic alcohol use and deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B₁) is ___________________, which is characterized by confusion, ataxia (lack of coordination of muscle movements, especially while walking), nystagmus (involuntary eye movements), ophthalmoplegia (paralysis or weakness of one or more of the muscles that control eye movement), and peripheral neuropathy (pain in nerves, loss of sensation, and an inability to control muscles).

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a classic syndrome caused by thiamine deficiency, often due to chronic alcohol use, and is characterized by confusion, ataxia, nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, and peripheral neuropathy.

Question 13

The frequency of cirrhosis is around _____ among people who consume more than 50 g of alcohol (4 oz of 100 proof whiskey, 15 oz of wine, or four 12-oz cans of beer) daily for more than 10 years.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The frequency of cirrhosis is around _____...

Question 14

Statement A: Heavy alcohol use is related to increased mortality due to heart disease. Statement B: Some observational studies have found that individuals who consume alcohol within recommended limits may have a lower risk of coronary heart disease than do abstainers.

Accepted Answer

Heavy alcohol use is indeed associated with increased mortality due to heart disease. Some observational studies suggest that moderate alcohol consumption may be associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease compared to abstainers, although this is a complex and debated topic.

Question 15

The relationship between alcohol and mortality assumes what type of curve?

Accepted Answer

The relationship between alcohol consumption and mortality is often described as a J-curve, where moderate alcohol consumption is associated with lower mortality compared to abstinence or heavy drinking.

Question 16

Chronic use of alcohol is associated with increased risk for cancers of all of the following organs, except:

Accepted Answer

Chronic alcohol use is not typically associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer. It is more commonly linked to cancers of the mouth, esophagus, liver, breast, and other areas.

Question 17

All of the following are features of fetal alcohol syndrome, except:

Accepted Answer

Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by a small head circumference, not a large one.

Question 18

The prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy at the global level has been estimated to be around ____% and the estimated prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome as _____ per 10,000 people.

Accepted Answer

The global prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy is estimated to be around 9.8%, and the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome is estimated to be 14.6 per 10,000 people.

Question 19

All of the following are instruments for screening alcohol use disorder, except:

Accepted Answer

TREND is not an instrument for screening alcohol use disorder.

Question 20

The stage in alcohol withdrawal characterized by development of hallucinations or perceptions in the absence of a stimulus is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The stage in alcohol withdrawal characterized by...

Quiz 7: Alcohol Dependence, Tobacco Use, and Substance Abuse

Risky use of alcohol for women and persons older than 65 years entails drinking more than _ drinks per week or more than __ drinks per occasion.