Question 1

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft of a neuromuscular junction results in a(n)

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine (ACh) in the synaptic cleft, leading to prolonged presence of ACh. This results in an extended duration of the postsynaptic potential because ACh continues to bind and activate its receptors on the postsynaptic membrane longer than it normally would.

Question 2

Describe two differences between the synthesis and packaging of peptides compared to low-molecular-weight neurotransmitters.

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Question 3

Given what you know about the synthesis of acetylcholine, name two ingredients that could be added to a neuron in order to increase acetylcholine availability in the cell.

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Question 4

Predict what would happen if you experimentally increase levels of GAD in a brain slice preparation.

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Question 5

Give one example of feedback inhibition in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, and explain why the example illustrates this effect.

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Question 6

Give one example of long-term regulation of neurotransmitter synthesis.

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Question 7

Why is it that only a small quantity of a peptide is needed to produce activity in a target cell?

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Question 8

Some of the proteins that are responsible for packaging neurotransmitters into vesicles bind to more type of molecule. Give an example of an effect of this nonspecificity.

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Question 9

What is one way in which synaptic plasticity could be accomplished through co-transmission?

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Question 10

What is the difference between anterograde transport and retrograde transport, and what do the two have in common?

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Question 11

Describe a major difference between slow axonal transport and fast axonal transport.

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Question 12

What are three mechanisms used to remove transmitter from the synaptic cleft?

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Question 13

Imagine that you are a scientist working to develop a drug that will increase acetylcholine signaling - specifically, your plan is to make more acetylcholine available at post-synaptic receptor sites. Based on your knowledge of neurotransmitter synthesis, storage, and degradation, provide one target mechanism that you could use to accomplish this goal.

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Question 14

Given what you know about how the actions of neurotransmitters can be terminated, give two examples of how the effects of norepinephrine could be reduced at a synaptic receptor.

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Question 15

Give two examples of how the synthesis, transport, and/or inactivation of peptides differs from that of typical low molecular weight neurotransmitters.

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Question 16

What is the mechanism by which ATP and ACh are most often inactivated?

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Quiz 15: Transmitter Synthesis, Storage, Transport, and Inactivation