Q41: The practice of brutal punishment and arbitrary
Q42: Cesare Beccaria founded the positivist school.
Q43: Enlightenment ideas form the basis of positivism.
Q44: Durkheim pioneered the idea of the hedonistic
Q45: The goal of retributive justice is simple
Q47: Rehabilitation reflects the "just deserts" model of
Q48: Criminals regularly consider punitive probabilities when deciding
Q49: The goal of incapacitation is to prepare
Q50: Selective incapacitation argues for incarcerating only a
Q51: The modern rehabilitation model views criminal behavior
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