The Reason Offered by the U

The reason offered by the U.S. Supreme Court for the right to a lawyer attaching after criminal proceedings are initiated is:

A) Police should not be required to slow their investigative stage and slow lineups until a defendant hires an attorney.
B) It is with the filing of formal charges, indicating that the government has decided to prosecute the accused, that the defendant needs protection, advice, and assistance.
C) The results of a showup before the initiation of criminal proceedings against the defendant are for investigative purposes and do not require the "guiding hand" of counsel.
D) Only a and b
E) All of the above