How Did the Long-Term Process Known as Secularization Affect the Study

How did the long-term process known as secularization affect the study of science and the natural world?

A) The various branches of science (astronomy, biology, medicine, etc.) were able to develop fully and become discrete disciplines.
B) Scientific progress was hindered, as scholars whose scientific findings seemed to contradict biblical teachings were labeled as heretics by religious officials.
C) Religion became a matter of private conscience rather than public policy, thus allowing people to seek nonreligious explanations for natural phenomena.
D) It created a new class of scientific elites who were supported and endorsed by religious elites for their experimental proof of Christian doctrine.