Question 1

Awareness of the relationship between the human brain and the ability to reason was first proposed by the physician _____.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

The concept of phrenology was developed by ___.

Accepted Answer

Phrenology, the theory that personality traits can be determined by the shape of the skull, was developed by Franz Joseph Gall.

Question 3

The study of the relationship between one's moral, emotional, and intellectual behaviors and variations of the skull's surface is called ___.

Accepted Answer

Phrenology is the pseudoscientific practice concerned with the belief that the shape and size of the cranium can be linked to character and mental abilities.

Question 4

Deficits in the ability to express or comprehend written or spoken communication as a result of brain injury are called ___.

Accepted Answer

Aphasia is the correct term for deficits in the ability to express or comprehend written or spoken communication due to brain injury.

Question 5

Clinical neuropsychology, begun by _____, applies brain-behavior principles to the assessment and treatment of the individual patient.

Accepted Answer

Arthur Benton is recognized for his contributions to the field of clinical neuropsychology, where he applied brain-behavior principles to the assessment and treatment of individual patients.

Question 6

The case of Phineas Gage was especially interesting because it showed that brain damage could affect ___.

Accepted Answer

The case of Phineas Gage was significant because it demonstrated that brain damage could lead to changes in personality. Gage survived an accident in which a large iron rod was driven completely through his head, damaging parts of his brain. After the accident, noticeable changes in his behavior and personality were reported, providing early evidence of the role of the frontal cortex in personality and social conduct.

Question 7

The two main approaches to neuropsychological assessment include the _____ and _____ battery approach.

Accepted Answer

The two main approaches to neuropsychological assessment are the fixed battery approach and the flexible battery approach. The fixed battery approach uses a standard set of tests for all patients, while the flexible battery approach tailors the selection of tests to the individual patient's needs.

Question 8

The _____ battery approach allows the clinician to choose the subtests believed to be best suited to assess each examinee.

Accepted Answer

The flexible battery approach allows clinicians to select specific subtests tailored to the individual needs and conditions of the examinee, rather than using a fixed set of tests for all.

Question 9

The _____ battery approach to neuropsychological assessment uses the same set of tests for each examinee.

Accepted Answer

The fixed battery approach to neuropsychological assessment involves using the same standardized set of tests for each examinee, ensuring consistency and comparability across assessments.

Question 10

According to the textbook, which is the more widely used approach to neuropsychological testing: the fixed- or flexible-battery approach?

Accepted Answer

The flexible-battery approach is more widely used because it allows for the assessment to be tailored to the specific needs and conditions of the individual being tested.

Question 11

The two most commonly used fixed neuropsychological batteries are the ___.

Accepted Answer

The two most commonly used fixed neuropsychological batteries are the Luria Nebraska and Halstead-Reitan. These batteries are comprehensive sets of tests designed to assess a broad range of cognitive functions and are widely used in clinical settings to diagnose and evaluate neurological and psychological conditions.

Question 12

According to the textbook, the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery possesses _____ utility beyond confirming the presence of brain damage.

Accepted Answer

The Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery is often criticized for having questionable utility beyond confirming the presence of brain damage, as it may not provide detailed information about the specific nature or location of the damage.

Question 13

The _____ Index on the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery provides a cutoff point to represent the presence or absence of neurological deficits.

Accepted Answer

The Impairment Index on the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery is used to determine the presence or absence of neurological deficits.

Question 14

The General Neuropsychological Deficit Score on the Halstead-Reitan reflects the _____ of neuropsychological deficits.

Accepted Answer

The General Neuropsychological Deficit Score on the Halstead-Reitan is designed to reflect the severity of neuropsychological deficits, indicating how significantly these deficits impact the individual.

Question 15

Drawbacks to the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery include ___.

Accepted Answer

The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery is criticized for its long administration time and for not including a specific test dedicated to assessing memory.

Question 16

The measure typically used to provide a quick screen for significant cognitive impairment is the ___.

Accepted Answer

The Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) is widely used as a quick screening tool to assess cognitive function and detect cognitive impairment.

Question 17

The _____ is a test frequently used by neuropsychologists for assessing academic achievement, with subtests assessing reading, spelling, and arithmetic abilities.

Accepted Answer

The Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) is specifically designed to assess reading, spelling, and arithmetic abilities, making it a common tool for neuropsychologists to evaluate academic achievement.

Question 18

The _____, a component of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery, is often administered as part of a flexible battery approach to measure visual scanning, writing speed, and attention/concentration.

Accepted Answer

The Trail-Making Test is a part of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery and is used to assess visual scanning, writing speed, and attention/concentration, fitting the description provided.

Question 19

Patients with brain injury may have difficulty switching between patterns of thought on the Trail-making Test. These patients are said to ___.

Accepted Answer

Perseveration is the repetition of a particular response (such as a word, phrase, or gesture) despite the absence or cessation of a stimulus. It is commonly seen in patients with brain injuries who have difficulty switching between tasks or thoughts, which is what the Trail-making Test assesses.

Question 20

In neuropsychological testing, the most typical way to measure grip strength is with the ___.

Accepted Answer

A hand dynamometer is the standard tool used in neuropsychological and physical assessments to measure grip strength.

Quiz 10: Neuropsychological Assessment