Question 1

A researcher has divided his research subjects into two groups. For one group, the CS is 10 seconds long and signals a brief US at the end of the procedure. The time between trials is 30 seconds. In another group, the CS is 2 seconds long with a brief US at its end, and the time between trials is 6 seconds. You expect the
A) second group to condition more rapidly because the intervals between trials are shorter.
B) first group to condition more rapidly because the intervals between trials are longer.
C) two groups to condition at more or less the same pace.
D) second group to condition more rapidly because it is exposed to a longer interstimulus interval.

Accepted Answer

The rate of conditioning is not affected by the length of the intertrial interval.

Question 2

Preexposure of a CS or US typically
A) slows classical conditioning.
B) produces inhibition.
C) produces excitation.
D) has no effect on conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Preexposure of a conditioned stimulus (CS) or an unconditioned stimulus (US) typically slows classical conditioning, a phenomenon known as latent inhibition. This occurs because the preexposed stimulus becomes familiar to the subject, making it harder for the subject to associate it with a new stimulus during conditioning.

Question 3

A situation in which the CS elicits a response that looks like the response that is supposed to be conditioned is referred to as
A) pseudoconditioning.
B) sensitization.
C) latent excitation.
D) latent inhibition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A situation in which the CS elicits...

Question 4

The smell of cooked cabbage makes Sydney a little nauseous. One night she gets violently ill after an evening of eating fast food. The next day the smell of cooked cabbage makes her vomit. What happened?
A) She developed a taste aversion to cooked cabbage.
B) She was pseudoconditioned.
C) The bout of illness sensitized her to the cabbage.
D) She experienced latent inhibition

Accepted Answer

The answer of The smell of cooked cabbage makes Sydney...

Question 5

CS-only and US-only control groups are often run as part of a classical conditioning experiment to demonstrate
A) the effects of spaced versus massed trial training procedures.
B) the effects of CS or US preexposure.
C) the difference between classical conditioning, pseudoconditioning, and sensitization.
D) latent inhibition.

Accepted Answer

CS-only and US-only control groups help distinguish between classical conditioning and other phenomena like pseudoconditioning and sensitization by showing that the conditioned response is specifically due to the pairing of the CS and US, rather than to the CS or US alone.

Question 6

Conditioned inhibition is the opposite of
A) conditioned excitation.
B) pseudoconditioning.
C) latent inhibition.
D) sensitization.

Accepted Answer

Conditioned inhibition is the process where a stimulus predicts the absence of an unconditioned stimulus, making it the opposite of conditioned excitation, where a stimulus predicts the presence of an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 7

In the summation test for conditioned inhibition, the researcher pairs a presumed conditioned inhibitor with _______ and then measures the amount of _______.
A) a known conditioned inhibitor; inhibition
B) a novel stimulus; response change
C) a known conditioned excitor; response change
D) an operant response; suppression

Accepted Answer

In the summation test for conditioned inhibition, a presumed conditioned inhibitor is paired with a known conditioned excitor, and then the amount of response change is measured to assess the effectiveness of the conditioned inhibitor in reducing the conditioned response elicited by the excitor.

Question 8

When researchers pair two conditioned excitors or two conditioned inhibitors, they typically observe
A) double the amount of excitation or inhibition, respectively.
B) half the amount of excitation or inhibition, respectively.
C) a somewhat greater amount of excitation or inhibition than either stimulus produces individually.
D) an exponential increase in excitation or inhibition, due to the compound's novelty.

Accepted Answer

When researchers pair two conditioned excitors or two conditioned inhibitors, they typically observe a somewhat greater amount of excitation or inhibition than either stimulus produces individually, due to the additive effects of the stimuli.

Question 9

Your friend is showing you an advertisement for "Pizza and Pasta World" just as your fitness coach from the gym approaches you on the street. You suddenly feel somewhat upset. Why?
A) You feel guilty.
B) Your coach might be a conditioned inhibitor for poor health practices.
C) You normally release endorphins around your coach.
D) You are associating your friend with your coach.

Accepted Answer

Your coach likely acts as a conditioned inhibitor, signaling a context in which poor health practices (like eating unhealthy food) should be avoided, thus causing a negative emotional response to the advertisement.

Question 10

In the retardation-of-acquisition test for inhibition, the researcher first
A) preexposes the stimulus and then attempts to turn it into a conditioned inhibitor.
B) extinguishes a conditioned excitor and then attempts to turn it into a conditioned inhibitor.
C) extinguishes a conditioned inhibitor and then presents it in compound with a conditioned excitor.
D) creates a conditioned inhibitor and then attempts to turn it into a conditioned excitor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the retardation-of-acquisition test for inhibition, the...

Question 11

When a bidirectional response test for conditioned inhibition is performed, the researcher
A) expects the inhibitor to reduce responding and the excitor to increase it.
B) expects extinction to reduce inhibition and paradoxically increase excitation.
C) creates a conditioned inhibitor and then attempts to turn it into a conditioned excitor.
D) expects excitors and inhibitors to have the opposite effect on the response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a bidirectional response test for conditioned...

Question 12

Which of the following tests is not used to test for conditioned inhibition?
A) Retardation-of-acquisition
B) Bidirectional response
C) Summation
D) Preexposure

Accepted Answer

Preexposure is not used to test for conditioned inhibition. It is used to test for latent inhibition.

Question 13

When researchers present one stimulus with a US and a second stimulus without a US, the inhibitory conditioning procedure is referred to as _______ training.
A) differential inhibition
B) conditioned inhibition
C) backward
D) explicitly unpaired

Accepted Answer

Differential inhibition involves presenting one stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus (US) and another stimulus without the US, leading to the second stimulus becoming an inhibitor.

Question 14

Battery chargers for tools, cell phones, and other electronic devices typically show one signal when charging (e.g., flashing icon, message, red light) and a different signal when charging is complete (e.g., static icon, message, green light). This system is an application of
A) differential inhibition.
B) conditioned inhibition.
C) backward inhibition.
D) explicitly unpaired.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Battery chargers for tools, cell phones, and...

Question 15

An animal trainer teaching a dog a trick that requires it to disobey a specific verbal command (inhibit the tendency to respond) first teaches the dog to obey the command. Then he teaches the dog to disobey the command when he cocks his head to the right. The trainer is applying _______ inhibition.
A) differential
B) conditioned
C) backward
D) explicitly unpaired

Accepted Answer

The answer of An animal trainer teaching a dog a...

Question 16

Because trains are large, fast, and difficult to stop, pedestrian and automobile warning signals must be triggered when the train is still quite a distance from the railroad crossing. At railroad crossings that have lights and bells but no crossing gates, drivers often ignore the warnings and cross the tracks because they get frustrated waiting for the train to pass. This problem is caused by
A) differential inhibition.
B) conditioned inhibition.
C) explicitly unpaired inhibition
D) inhibition-of-delay.

Accepted Answer

The problem described is caused by inhibition-of-delay, which refers to the tendency to ignore a warning when there is a perceived delay in the expected outcome, in this case, the train's arrival. Drivers become frustrated waiting and choose to ignore the signals, risking crossing the tracks before the train passes.

Question 17

Imagine your social network is very small, and you only receive calls from your significant other when she is out of town. When she is away, she calls you several times a day. One afternoon, when she is home, you are suddenly very startled by the phone ringing. Why?
A) Differential inhibition made the significant other inhibitory for a ringing phone.
B) Conditioned inhibition made the significant other inhibitory for a ringing phone.
C) A negative correlation made the significant other inhibitory for a ringing phone.
D) Inhibition-of-delay made the significant other inhibitory for a ringing phone.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine your social network is very small,...

Question 18

Which of the following two conditioning procedures do not produce true inhibition?
A) CS preexposure and extinction
B) Backward conditioning and habituation
C) Long-delay conditioning and adaptation
D) Bidirectional conditioning and pseudoconditioning

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following two conditioning procedures...

Question 19

Which of the following statements about CS preexposure and extinction is true?
A) CS preexposure fails the retardation-of-acquisition test but passes the suppression test.
B) CS preexposure passes the retardation-of-acquisition test but fails the suppression test.
C) Extinction fails the retardation-of-acquisition test but passes the suppression test.
D) Extinction passes both the retardation-of-acquisition and suppression tests.

Accepted Answer

CS preexposure passes the retardation-of-acquisition test because it makes it harder to condition the CS to a new response, indicating that the animal has learned something about the CS during preexposure. It fails the suppression test because this test is not typically used to assess learning in a preexposure context.

Question 20

In a positive contingency the CS predicts _______, whereas in a negative contingency the CS predicts _______.
A) a pleasant US; an aversive US
B) a pleasant US; no US
C) a pleasant or aversive US; no US
D) a pleasant or aversive US; nothing

Accepted Answer

In a positive contingency, the conditioned stimulus (CS) predicts the occurrence of an unconditioned stimulus (US), which can be either pleasant or aversive. In a negative contingency, the CS predicts the absence of the US, meaning that the US does not occur when the CS is presented.

Quiz 3: The Nuts and Bolts of Classical Conditioning

Preexposure of a CS or US typically

A situation in which the CS elicits a response that looks like the response that is supposed to be conditioned is referred to as

The smell of cooked cabbage makes Sydney a little nauseous. One night she gets violently ill after an evening of eating fast food. The next day the smell of cooked cabbage makes her vomit. What happened?

CS-only and US-only control groups are often run as part of a classical conditioning experiment to demonstrate

Conditioned inhibition is the opposite of

In the summation test for conditioned inhibition, the researcher pairs a presumed conditioned inhibitor with _ and then measures the amount of _.

When researchers pair two conditioned excitors or two conditioned inhibitors, they typically observe

Your friend is showing you an advertisement for "Pizza and Pasta World" just as your fitness coach from the gym approaches you on the street. You suddenly feel somewhat upset. Why?

In the retardation-of-acquisition test for inhibition, the researcher first

When a bidirectional response test for conditioned inhibition is performed, the researcher

Which of the following tests is not used to test for conditioned inhibition?

When researchers present one stimulus with a US and a second stimulus without a US, the inhibitory conditioning procedure is referred to as _______ training.

Battery chargers for tools, cell phones, and other electronic devices typically show one signal when charging (e.g., flashing icon, message, red light) and a different signal when charging is complete (e.g., static icon, message, green light) . This system is an application of

An animal trainer teaching a dog a trick that requires it to disobey a specific verbal command (inhibit the tendency to respond) first teaches the dog to obey the command. Then he teaches the dog to disobey the command when he cocks his head to the right. The trainer is applying _______ inhibition.

Imagine your social network is very small, and you only receive calls from your significant other when she is out of town. When she is away, she calls you several times a day. One afternoon, when she is home, you are suddenly very startled by the phone ringing. Why?

Which of the following two conditioning procedures do not produce true inhibition?

Which of the following statements about CS preexposure and extinction is true?

In a positive contingency the CS predicts _, whereas in a negative contingency the CS predicts _.