Question 1

Explain what it means for a group to be "overrepresented" in the juvenile justice system.

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Question 2

Describe how criminologists typically study discrimination within the juvenile justice system.

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Question 3

List the most important factors that affect the treatment of youth in the juvenile justice system.

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Question 4

Identify the factor(s) that can reduce the extent of discrimination within police departments.

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Question 5

Can discrimination exist if a researcher finds no difference in the way that similar African Americans and Whites are treated during arrest and court processing? Explain your answer.

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Question 6

Explain what Agnew and Brezina mean when they talk about "indirect discrimination" in the juvenile justice process. Provide an example of indirect discrimination.

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Question 7

Differentiate direct discrimination from indirect discrimination that can occur in the juvenile justice process. Provide two examples of indirect discrimination.

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Question 8

What is direct discrimination? Provide an example of direct discrimination. Is direct discrimination more common in the juvenile justice system, or is indirect discrimination more common? Explain your position.

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Question 9

Describe what actions are being taken by states to address the overrepresentation of minorities confined in detention centers and long-term institutions.

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Question 10

Have states been successful in addressing the overrepresentation of minorities since the 2002 federal mandate? Discuss the progress that has been made over the past decade based on the findings from the National Research Council.

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Question 11

From the text, indicate what conclusions can be made about class-based discrimination in the juvenile justice system.

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Question 12

From the text, discuss gender-based discrimination in the juvenile justice system.

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Question 13

Design a study to identify racial or gender discrimination in arrests. How would you modify the study to examine discrimination at various points in the juvenile justice process?

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Question 14

In responding to discrimination, are the causes among race, class, and gender discrimination similar enough that a program or policy could address all three, or should there be multiple programs directed at each type of discrimination?

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Question 15

Discuss racial disparities found in the juvenile justice system and provide a persuasive argument for or against racial discrimination as a cause of these disparities.

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Question 16

According to Agnew and Brezina, what are the two most important determinants of how juveniles are treated in the justice system?

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Question 17

How does the extent of discrimination vary by type of crime?

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Question 18

Provide at least one reason why some studies fail to find evidence of discrimination.

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Question 19

Explain how small amounts of discrimination at different points in the juvenile justice process can have a large overall effect.

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Question 20

How did Santa Cruz County practitioners address the overrepresentation of Latinos in their juvenile justice system?

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Quiz 22: The Juvenile Justice System