According to Braithwaite's reintegrative shaming theory, stigmatization results in a breakdown of informal social control and lack of legitimate opportunities, making criminal subcultures more attractive to offenders.

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Braithwaite's reintegrative shaming theory posits that stigmatization of offenders can lead to a breakdown in informal social controls and reduce legitimate opportunities, which in turn makes criminal subcultures more appealing to those offenders. This is because the theory distinguishes between stigmatizing shaming, which alienates and labels the offender, and reintegrative shaming, which emphasizes the disapproval of the crime within a context of respect for the offender, aiming to reintegrate them into society.

According to Braithwaite's Reintegrative Shaming Theory, Stigmatization Results in a Breakdown