Question 1

In a typically constructed research study, the experimental group is selected
A) systematically.
B) through random selection.
C) after selecting the control group.
D) from a separate pool than is the control group.

Accepted Answer

The experimental group in a research study is typically selected through random selection to ensure that the sample is representative of the larger population and to minimize biases, ensuring that the only systematic difference between the control and experimental groups is the variable being tested.

Question 2

In a typically constructed research study, the control group is selected
A) after selecting the experimental group.
B) from a separate pool than is the experimental group.
C) systematically.
D) through random selection.

Accepted Answer

The control group in a research study is typically selected through random selection to ensure that the group is representative of the larger population and to minimize biases, ensuring that the only significant difference between the control and experimental groups is the variable being tested.

Question 3

We are interested in reducing anxiety. We give one group an antianxiety medication and the other group a sugar pill. The group that receives the antianxiety medication is called the
A) anxiety group.
B) medication group.
C) experimental group.
D) control group.

Accepted Answer

The group receiving the antianxiety medication is the experimental group because they are receiving the treatment being tested.

Question 4

A researcher has developed a new therapy technique. She randomly assigns half of the potential clients to the new therapy and half to the old therapy. In this case, the clients in the new therapy group are called the
A) experimental group.
B) control group.
C) independent variable.
D) dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

The clients in the new therapy group are called the experimental group because they are receiving the treatment or intervention that is being tested, which differentiates them from the control group that receives the old therapy or no therapy.

Question 5

A researcher has developed a new therapy technique. She randomly assigns half of the potential clients to the new therapy and half to the old therapy. In this case, the clients in the old therapy group are called the
A) experimental group.
B) control group.
C) independent variable.
D) dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

The clients in the old therapy group serve as the control group because they are receiving the standard treatment, which is compared against the new therapy to evaluate its effectiveness.

Question 6

When European American liberals suggested that many ethnic minority children grew up in "culturally deprived environments," they were implicitly
A) suggesting that the European American middle-class environment was the standard for all.
B) comparing some ethnic minority groups with other ethnic minority groups.
C) equating ethnic minority children with cultural deprivation.
D) helping these children to overcome their culturally deprived backgrounds.

Accepted Answer

This statement implies that the European American middle-class environment is considered the norm or standard, against which other environments are judged as "deprived."

Question 7

Sue and Sue (2003) renamed their book Counseling the Culturally Different to Counseling the Culturally Diverse. This was because
A) they did not examine cultural differences.
B) "diverse" was used to underscore that some groups were superior to other groups.
C) "different" implied that the White standard was not good enough.
D) they wanted to convey that there are multiple perspectives that are equally acceptable.

Accepted Answer

The term "diverse" was chosen to emphasize the acceptance and validity of multiple cultural perspectives, moving away from implying a standard or norm against which others are measured as "different."

Question 8

"Internal validity" suggests that
A) we can generalize our findings to broader populations.
B) our changes in the experiment made a difference.
C) changes in the experiment may have been influenced by events out of our control.
D) internal reviewers examined our results.

Accepted Answer

Internal validity refers to the degree to which an experiment demonstrates that a cause-and-effect relationship exists between the treatment and the observed outcome, meaning that the changes observed in the experiment can be attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable rather than other factors.

Question 9

"External validity" suggests that
A) we can generalize our findings to broader populations.
B) our changes in the experiment made a difference.
C) changes in the experiment may have been influenced by events out of our control.
D) external reviewers examined our results.

Accepted Answer

External validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized or applied to other settings, populations, or situations beyond the study conditions.

Question 10

Internal validity and external validity
A) work hand in hand with one another.
B) are always working against one another.
C) are essentially the same thing.
D) often work against one another.

Accepted Answer

Internal validity refers to how well an experiment is done, especially whether it avoids confounding (i.e., ensures that the change in the dependent variable is due to the independent variable). External validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people. While both are important for research, focusing on one can sometimes compromise the other. For example, increasing internal validity by tightly controlling experimental conditions may limit the generalizability of the findings, thus reducing external validity.

Question 11

A researcher designs a study so that everything is exactly the same except for the difference in dosage in a medication between two groups. This researcher is primarily concerned with
A) internal validity.
B) external validity.
C) the control group.
D) the experimental group.

Accepted Answer

The researcher is concerned with internal validity, which refers to how well an experiment is done, especially whether it avoids confounding (i.e., ensures that the change in the dependent variable is due to the independent variable). By keeping everything the same except the dosage, the researcher aims to ensure that any differences observed are attributable to the medication dosage, thus enhancing the study's internal validity.

Question 12

A researcher designs a study so that aspects of the study mirror the outside world, including multiple potential influences upon the study's results. This researcher is primarily concerned with
A) internal validity.
B) external validity.
C) the control group.
D) the experimental group.

Accepted Answer

External validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people. By designing a study to mirror the outside world and include multiple potential influences, the researcher is aiming to ensure that the study's findings can be applied broadly, thus focusing on external validity.

Question 13

Sue (1999) criticized science for its "selective enforcement of scientific principles" because science favored ________ over ________.
A) control groups; experimental groups
B) experimental groups; control groups
C) internal validity; external validity
D) external validity; internal validity

Accepted Answer

Sue (1999) criticized science for its emphasis on internal validity (ensuring that the study accurately reflects what it aims to measure) at the expense of external validity (the extent to which the findings can be generalized to other settings or groups). This critique highlights the concern that scientific research may be too focused on the conditions and outcomes within the study itself, without sufficient consideration of how these findings apply to broader, real-world contexts.

Question 14

Sue (1999) criticized a reviewer for rejecting a study comparing successful African American students with less successful African American students because the reviewer said the study did not have a European American control group. Sue felt the reviewer ignored the importance of
A) experimental groups.
B) control groups.
C) internal validity.
D) external validity.

Accepted Answer

Sue felt the reviewer ignored the importance of external validity, which refers to the generalizability of the study's findings to other populations or contexts. The study's focus was on African American students, and the lack of a European American control group does not necessarily impact the study's relevance or applicability to the population being studied.

Question 15

When participant responses are either numerical or transformed into numerical values for the purpose of comparison, we are using a ________ form of research.
A) quantitative
B) qualitative
C) nominal
D) normal

Accepted Answer

Quantitative research involves collecting and analyzing numerical data for statistical analysis. This form of research is used to quantify behaviors, opinions, or other defined variables and generalize results from a larger sample population.

Question 16

When participant responses are judged to see if common themes emerge, we are using a ________ approach to research.
A) quantitative
B) qualitative
C) nominal
D) normal

Accepted Answer

When research involves judging participant responses to identify common themes, it is utilizing a qualitative approach. This method focuses on understanding concepts, thoughts, or experiences rather than quantifying them with numbers.

Question 17

Yolanda has her research participants rate how much they like two new soft drinks. Their ratings are on a scale from 1 to 10. She finds that most people rated an orange drink higher than a strawberry drink. Yolanda is using ________ data to come to conclusions about the drinks.
A) quantitative
B) qualitative
C) nominal
D) normal

Accepted Answer

Yolanda is using quantitative data because the participants' ratings are numerical values on a scale from 1 to 10, which allows for quantification and numerical analysis of their preferences.

Question 18

The quantitative approach to research where numbers are compared to get at the "truth" underlying different phenomena is called the
A) comparison approach to research.
B) evaluative approach to research.
C) judgment approach.
D) logical positivistic approach.

Accepted Answer

The logical positivistic approach to research emphasizes the use of quantitative methods to objectively measure and analyze phenomena, aiming to uncover universal truths through statistical comparison and logical reasoning.

Question 19

Suppose that you and a friend both receive an A in your multicultural psychology course. However, you feel that you know much more about the topic than your friend does. If both of you received the same number of points accumulated for the course, how would we be able to determine who understood more of the material?
A) Through a quantitative approach
B) Through a qualitative approach
C) By examining your multiple choice test scores
D) By comparing your grades for other courses

Accepted Answer

A qualitative approach would allow for a deeper understanding of each student's grasp of the material beyond just the numerical score, by exploring the depth of knowledge, insights, and ability to apply concepts in various contexts.

Question 20

You are at an interview for graduate school. The school is trying to decide between accepting you and another student who has very nearly identical qualifications as you do. This final interview is considered to be a ________ piece of information.
A) biased
B) objective
C) quantitative
D) qualitative

Accepted Answer

The final interview provides qualitative information because it offers insights into personal qualities, motivations, and characteristics that are not easily quantified, making it a key factor in distinguishing between candidates with similar qualifications.

Quiz 2: Multicultural Issues Involving

In a typically constructed research study, the experimental group is selected

In a typically constructed research study, the control group is selected

We are interested in reducing anxiety. We give one group an antianxiety medication and the other group a sugar pill. The group that receives the antianxiety medication is called the

A researcher has developed a new therapy technique. She randomly assigns half of the potential clients to the new therapy and half to the old therapy. In this case, the clients in the new therapy group are called the

A researcher has developed a new therapy technique. She randomly assigns half of the potential clients to the new therapy and half to the old therapy. In this case, the clients in the old therapy group are called the

When European American liberals suggested that many ethnic minority children grew up in "culturally deprived environments," they were implicitly

Sue and Sue (2003) renamed their book Counseling the Culturally Different to Counseling the Culturally Diverse. This was because

"Internal validity" suggests that

"External validity" suggests that

Internal validity and external validity

A researcher designs a study so that everything is exactly the same except for the difference in dosage in a medication between two groups. This researcher is primarily concerned with

A researcher designs a study so that aspects of the study mirror the outside world, including multiple potential influences upon the study's results. This researcher is primarily concerned with

Sue (1999) criticized science for its "selective enforcement of scientific principles" because science favored over .

Sue (1999) criticized a reviewer for rejecting a study comparing successful African American students with less successful African American students because the reviewer said the study did not have a European American control group. Sue felt the reviewer ignored the importance of

When participant responses are either numerical or transformed into numerical values for the purpose of comparison, we are using a ________ form of research.

When participant responses are judged to see if common themes emerge, we are using a ________ approach to research.

Yolanda has her research participants rate how much they like two new soft drinks. Their ratings are on a scale from 1 to 10. She finds that most people rated an orange drink higher than a strawberry drink. Yolanda is using ________ data to come to conclusions about the drinks.

The quantitative approach to research where numbers are compared to get at the "truth" underlying different phenomena is called the

You are at an interview for graduate school. The school is trying to decide between accepting you and another student who has very nearly identical qualifications as you do. This final interview is considered to be a ________ piece of information.