Question 1

Ages ______, also referred to as midlife, is a life stage that is a sensitive period for the development of mental and physical health problems.

Accepted Answer

Ages 40-60, often referred to as midlife, are recognized as a sensitive period for the development of both mental and physical health issues. This stage encompasses significant life transitions and stressors that can impact health.

Question 2

Ella experiences elevated levels of psychological symptoms continuously over her life course; 2 or 3 times a year she becomes depressed, lethargic, and withdrawn. This history of psychological symptoms is categorized as ______ continuity.

Accepted Answer

Homotypic continuity refers to the persistence of similar symptoms or behaviors over time. In Ella's case, the continuous experience of psychological symptoms, including periodic episodes of depression, lethargy, and withdrawal, suggests a consistent pattern of similar psychological issues, fitting the definition of homotypic continuity.

Question 3

Elevated levels of psychological symptoms or psychological disorders that continue over the life course across dimensions are categorized as having ______ continuity.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

An example of how the FSAMH model accounts for ______ is noting genetic dispositions and endocrine imbalances.

Accepted Answer

The FSAMH model, which stands for the biopsychosocial model, accounts for biological processes by considering factors like genetic dispositions and endocrine imbalances. These aspects are integral to understanding how biological factors influence mental health and behavior.

Question 5

Family processes and youth developmental outcomes are considered ______ in the FSAMH model.

Accepted Answer

In the FSAMH model, family processes and youth developmental outcomes are considered resilience factors. This model emphasizes how family dynamics and processes can bolster resilience in youth, helping them to navigate challenges and develop positively.

Question 6

Within the FSAMH model, what kind of risk is reflected by family poverty, low parental education, adverse work conditions, unemployment, and underemployment?

Accepted Answer

The FSAMH model identifies family socioeconomic risk as a category that includes factors such as family poverty, low parental education, adverse work conditions, unemployment, and underemployment. These elements directly relate to the socioeconomic status and conditions of the family, impacting mental health and well-being.

Question 7

Within the FSAMH model, high crime rates, poor housing, and high community unemployment rates along with a lack of physical or social resources and opportunities exemplify ______.

Accepted Answer

These factors are indicative of adverse community characteristics, which are conditions that negatively impact the well-being and safety of a community.

Question 8

What is the central tenet of the family stress model?

Accepted Answer

The family stress model posits that economic pressure leads to parental distress, which in turn affects parenting practices and child outcomes.

Question 9

According to the text, what is one of the most observable reflections of stress?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, what is one...

Question 10

Which theory suggests that when an individual is exposed to a stressor (e.g., family economic hardship), they manage the stressor by subjectively appraising its threat and assessing available resources?

Accepted Answer

The correct theory is the stress appraisal theory, which posits that individuals evaluate stressors in their environment through a process of primary appraisal (assessing the threat posed by the stressor) and secondary appraisal (evaluating the resources available to cope with the stressor).

Question 11

Dr. Crozier suggests that chronic stressful conditions result in repeated and chronic negative emotions, which in turn contribute to consistently elevated levels of psychological symptoms. Which theory is Dr. Crozier applying?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Crozier is applying the stress process theory, which posits that chronic stressful conditions lead to negative emotions and elevated psychological symptoms over time. This theory focuses on how the stress process operates, emphasizing the role of chronic stress in affecting psychological well-being.

Question 12

The statement "stressful family economic conditions deplete spouses' energy and compromise their ability to manage relationship issues and conflicts, which ultimately results in destructive interactions between family members," most specifically reflects ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The statement "stressful family economic conditions deplete...

Question 13

Which theory highlights the role of early affectional ties with parents in setting the stage for parents' continued influence over the child's life course as well as the development of psychosocial resources necessary for thriving at later life stages?

Accepted Answer

Attachment theory emphasizes the importance of early emotional bonds between children and their caregivers, suggesting that these initial relationships form the foundation for future psychological development and the ability to form healthy relationships throughout life.

Question 14

Both self-regulation and mastery are examples of youth ______ resources.

Accepted Answer

Self-regulation and mastery are considered psychosocial resources because they involve both psychological aspects, such as personal control, motivation, and coping strategies, and social aspects, such as interactions with others and social support, which together influence an individual's ability to navigate their social world and achieve personal goals.

Question 15

The ______ suggests that the consequences of depression increase the likelihood of recurring depression.

Accepted Answer

The kindling effect suggests that initial episodes of depression may result from significant stressors, but later episodes can occur with less severe triggers or even spontaneously, increasing the likelihood of recurring depression.

Question 16

The ______ system disruptions are associated with childhood and adolescent neurocognitive, neurobehavioral, and physiological impairments.

Accepted Answer

The biobehavioral system disruptions are associated with childhood and adolescent neurocognitive, neurobehavioral, and physiological impairments. This term encompasses both biological and behavioral aspects, which are relevant to the context of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Question 17

Variations in gene structures across individuals are referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

Polymorphisms refer to the variations in the DNA sequence that occur among individuals in a population, which can affect gene structure and function.

Question 18

Much of the family and developmental research has documented parents' ______ as a central linking mechanism explaining why FSR is consequential for family processes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Much of the family and developmental research...

Question 19

Which hypothesis suggests that "risk alleles" or "vulnerability genes" make individuals more susceptible to stressful environments by triggering negative youth developmental and mental health outcomes?

Accepted Answer

The stress-diathesis hypothesis suggests that individuals have certain genetic vulnerabilities (risk alleles) that make them more susceptible to negative outcomes when exposed to stressful environments. This hypothesis integrates the role of genetic predispositions and environmental stressors in influencing mental health and development.

Question 20

When one stressful developmental failure may continue (e.g., poor academic performance) while another appears (e.g., delinquent behaviors), and then another (e.g., poor relationship outcomes), this forms a cascading sequence of stress or risks. This cascading sequence might also be called a ______.

Accepted Answer

A contingent process refers to a sequence where one event or failure leads to another, creating a chain reaction or cascade of stressors or risks.

Quiz 18: Family Socioeconomic Context and Mental Health in Parents and Children: a Heuristic Framework