Question 1

How did the physiocrats attempt to reform the French economic system?

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Question 2

Adam Smith remains one of the most influential economic theorists. What were Smith's economic principles and theories?

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Question 3

How did the Enlightenment mark a transformation in the study of history?

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Question 4

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was one of the most prominent critics of the Enlightenment. How did Rousseau's thought differ from the prevailing views of the Enlightenment?

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Question 5

How did the practice of science develop during the Enlightenment?

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Question 6

How did the practice of Catholicism change during the eighteenth century?

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Question 7

A series of Protestant reform movements emerged during the eighteenth century. What united these reform movements?

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Question 8

How did the Enlightenment affect Europe's Jewish population?

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Question 9

What was the reading revolution?

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Question 10

The European literacy rate grew significantly throughout the early modern period. How was the literacy rate increased?

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Question 11

The Enlightenment is often regarded as the end of the early modern period and the beginning of the modern era. Did the Enlightenment inaugurate the modern era?

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Question 12

What was the Enlightenment?

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Question 13

Was the Enlightenment a secular movement?

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Question 14

The Enlightenment was an important moment in eighteenth-century European history, but was it the defining moment of the period? Should we look at the eighteenth century through the lens of the Enlightenment?

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Question 15

The Enlightenment witnessed the birth of the social sciences as an area of discrete inquiry. What were the social sciences and how did they develop during the Enlightenment?

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Question 16

Although they lived during the same time, Voltaire and Rousseau stand at two ends of the Enlightenment. How would you compare Voltaire and Rousseau's ideas? How did these two men represent two phases of the Enlightenment?

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Question 17

Enlightenment thinkers may have attempted to undermine some of the traditional components of European society, but they were content to let other hierarchies remain, particularly in relation to gender. How did Enlightenment thinkers understand women's place in society?

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Question 18

In addition to being an "Age of Reason," the eighteenth century also experienced religious revivals and changes to the practice of religion. How did religious expression and practice change during the eighteenth century?

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Question 19

Literacy rates began to increase during the sixteenth century, but the dramatic consequences of literacy were not truly felt until the eighteenth century. How did the nature of reading change during the eighteenth century?

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Question 20

Although many Enlightenment thinkers believed in the concept of reason, a number of individuals reacted against the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason and rationality. How did those who opposed the emphasis on reason react to the Enlightenment?

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Quiz 9: Culture and Religion in the Age of the Enlightenment