Question 1

Bushman and Wells had high school hockey players complete a pre-season,self-report measure of aggressiveness.The pre-season measure of aggressiveness was shown to

Accepted Answer

The study found that the pre-season measure of aggressiveness predicted the number of penalty minutes served, indicating a positive relationship between the two variables. Option B is incorrect as the study did not find a negative relationship between the pre-season measure of aggressiveness and penalty minutes served. Option C is incorrect as the study did not analyze the relationship between pre-season measure of aggressiveness and total number of goals scored. Option D is incorrect as the study did find a significant relationship between pre-season measure of aggressiveness and penalty minutes served.

Question 2

In the title of the test known as the MMPI-A,the "A" stands for

Accepted Answer

The "A" in MMPI-A stands for "Adolescent" because this test is specifically designed for use with adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18.

Question 3

A measure of anxiety contains 100 statements written in an agree/disagree format.Maxime indicates disagreement with each one of the statements.From this limited amount of information,it seems reasonable to say that

Accepted Answer

By indicating disagreement with all statements, Maxime is exhibiting a non-acquiescent response tendency, which means he is avoiding giving positive responses to every statement, likely out of fear of being seen as "agreeable" or "conforming." This response bias may affect the validity of the results of the anxiety measure. Option A is not applicable as there is no reason to believe that Maxime is trying to present himself in a favorable light. Option C is not applicable because there is no information to suggest that Maxime's responses are deviant or unusual. Option D is not applicable because Maxime's responses are not socially desirable, as disagreeing with every statement on a measure of anxiety is not a desirable trait.

Question 4

Gosling's cross-species work in personality assessment has suggested that differences in the personality of dogs exist and can be

Accepted Answer

Gosling's research indicates that personality differences in dogs can be reliably measured, but it does not necessarily conclude that these differences are breed-specific or inherited.

Question 5

"The unique way people interpret and make sense of their perceptions as a consequence of their learning experiences,cultural background,and related variables." This is a definition of which of the following terms?

Accepted Answer

The definition provided matches the concept of worldview, which refers to the overall set of beliefs, values, attitudes, and assumptions that shape an individual's understanding of reality and guide their behaviors and decisions. The other options are not related to this definition. Instrumental values refer to preferences for particular ways of achieving goals, terminal values refer to ultimate goals or end states that people strive for, and acculturation refers to the process of adapting to a new culture.

Question 6

A key definitional difference between the terms personality trait and personality state has to do with

Accepted Answer

Personality trait refers to a consistent pattern of behavior, emotions, and thoughts that are relatively stable over time and across situations. On the other hand, personality state refers to a more temporary and situation-specific aspect of personality, which may fluctuate in response to changes in the environment, mood, or level of arousal. Thus, the key definitional difference between the two terms has to do with how stable and enduring the characteristic is over time.

Question 7

The MMPI was originally developed by Starke R.Hathaway and

Accepted Answer

The MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) was originally developed by Starke R. Hathaway and John Charnley McKinley in the late 1930s.

Question 8

Which test BEST exemplifies a tool of assessment developed on the basis of logic and reason?

Accepted Answer

The Personal Data Sheet is an assessment tool that is typically based on logic and reason. It may involve items related to past experiences, demographics, and education, among other factors, which can be objectively scored and used to make inferences about an individual's traits and characteristics. The other options, such as the MMPI, CPI, and Blacky Pictures Test, may involve more subjective or complex elements that are not as clearly tied to logical or reasoning-based assessments.

Question 9

Takumi completes a self-report inventory of personality.Generalizing from what you read in Chapter 11,the best person to ask to complete that same inventory to learn about Takumi would be

Accepted Answer

The best person to complete the same inventory to learn about Takumi's personality would be a close family member of Takumi. Family members often know each other very well and have observed each other in different situations over a long period of time, which can provide valuable insight into someone's personality. Classmates or fellow employees may have some knowledge of Takumi's behavior, but it may not be as comprehensive as that of a family member. Someone who was just introduced to Takumi may not have any knowledge of his personality.

Question 10

A clinician has her clients rate every therapy session on a seven-point rating scale with "helpful" on one end,and "not helpful" on the other.This clinician is using a method of assessment called

Accepted Answer

The semantic differential scale is a method of rating or assessment that uses two opposite adjectives or phrases to measure people's attitudes and feelings towards a specific object, person or idea. In this case, the clinician is using the words "helpful" and "not helpful" as the two endpoints of the scale, which is a typical example of a semantic differential scale. The forced-choice format and adjective checklist formats are different methods of assessment that do not apply in this scenario.

Question 11

In the OSS blown bridge evaluation,assistants of the candidate being evaluated

Accepted Answer

In the OSS blown bridge evaluation, the assistants (often OSS personnel) were intentionally placed to act more as obstacles than aids, doing more to frustrate the candidate's efforts than to help. This was designed to test the candidate's leadership, problem-solving skills, and ability to work under pressure.

Question 12

Psychologists have embraced "the Big 5" big time,and a number of tests have been developed to measure the Big 5.Which of the following is NOT a test that was developed to measure the Big 5?

Accepted Answer

The 16-PF is a personality test that measures 16 different personality traits, but it is not specifically designed to measure the Big 5 personality factors.

Question 13

In Chapter 11 of your textbook,reference was made to a study that entailed the measurement of attachment security in

Accepted Answer

The study referenced in Chapter 11 measured attachment security in rhesus monkeys using Q-sort methodology.

Question 14

Pre-production legal work on the film The Three Faces of Eve entailed getting Eve White,Eve Black,and Jane to sign contracts with the producer.The patient was asked to elicit these three different personalities and then sign a contract.The signatures on the three contracts were determined to be

Accepted Answer

The signatures were completely different as each personality had its own distinct handwriting style.

Question 15

According to the findings of Donahue et al.,people with low levels of self-concept differentiation

Accepted Answer

Donahue et al. found that people with low levels of self-concept differentiation tend to be healthier psychologically because they have a more unified and consistent sense of self across different roles and situations.

Question 16

Relatively few personality tests seek to distinguish traits from states.One test that does make this distinction is

Accepted Answer

The STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) is a personality test that distinguishes between traits and states. It has separate scales to measure anxiety as a stable trait and anxiety as a temporary state. The other options (MMPI-2-RF, Self-Directed Search, CPI) do not make this distinction.

Question 17

FBS with regard to the MMPI

Accepted Answer

FBS stands for "Fake Bad Scale" and it is used to detect individuals who may be malingering or exaggerating symptoms on the MMPI. It was a validity scale proposed by Lees-Haley, et al. However, it has also been criticized by MMPI author James Butcher, among others. Therefore, all of the options are correct.

Question 18

Psychologist John Holland was BEST known for

Accepted Answer

John Holland is best known for his theory of vocational choice, which suggests that people select careers based on their personality type and the similarities between themselves and the job environment. This theory is still widely used in career counseling and development.

Question 19

Which test would be appropriate for use with a seven-year-old child?

Accepted Answer

The BYI-II (Beck Youth Inventories Second Edition) includes inventories for assessing depression, anxiety, anger, disruptive behavior, and self-concept in children and adolescents, making all of these appropriate for use with a seven-year-old child.

Question 20

"Certain personality traits exist in all people to varying degrees.The assessor's task is to determine what the strength of each of these traits are in the assessee." We would be MOST likely to hear this statement from one who

Accepted Answer

The statement aligns with a nomothetic viewpoint, which emphasizes comparing individuals to others or to norms, suggesting that personality traits exist universally but vary in strength across individuals.

Quiz 11: Personality Assessment: an Overview