Question 1

Prosecutors began to establish victim-assistance programs during the ______.

Accepted Answer

Victim-assistance programs began to be established by prosecutors in the 1970s, marking a shift towards recognizing and addressing the needs of victims within the criminal justice system.

Question 2

The emergence of agencies such as rape crisis centers developed in response to the perceived need for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Rape crisis centers emerged to address multiple needs, including sexual assault prevention, raising community awareness, and supporting victims to alleviate their pain.

Question 3

Which of the following pieces of legislation provides support for criminal justice researchers studying issues related to intimate partner violence?

Accepted Answer

The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) provides support for criminal justice researchers studying issues related to intimate partner violence, among other provisions aimed at protecting and supporting victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking.

Question 4

Core rights of victims include ______.

Accepted Answer

All of these options are correct. Victims have the right to attend criminal justice proceedings, apply for compensation, and receive protection from intimidation and harassment. These rights are part of efforts to ensure victims are treated with dignity and respect throughout the criminal justice process.

Question 5

Reasons why a victim might choose not to report their victimization to the police include all except ______.

Accepted Answer

Reasons for not reporting victimization to the police typically include societal embarrassment, the belief that nothing could be done, and the perception that the incident was not serious or was a personal matter. Employment jeopardy is not commonly cited as a reason for not reporting victimization to the police, making it the correct choice as the exception.

Question 6

Victims of sexual assault and intimate partner violence tend to seek help from all of the following except ______.

Accepted Answer

Victims of sexual assault and intimate partner violence often seek help from informal support systems such as family and friends, as well as professional support like mental health services, before turning to the police. This is due to various factors including fear of not being believed, the personal nature of the incidents, and concerns over the response they might receive from law enforcement.

Question 7

If a rape victim dresses provocatively, she deserved to be raped. This statement is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

This statement is an example of victim blaming, which occurs when the victim of a crime or any wrongful act is held entirely or partially responsible for the harm that befell them. In this context, suggesting that a rape victim's attire justifies the crime committed against them shifts the blame from the perpetrator to the victim.

Question 8

Which of the following refers to the practices whereby the responsing of the crime is diffused from the offender and blame is shifted to the victim?

Accepted Answer

Victim blaming refers to the practice of holding the victim of a crime or wrongful act responsible for what happened, rather than the perpetrator. This involves shifting blame from the offender to the victim, often by questioning the actions, behavior, or circumstances of the victim in a way that suggests they bear some fault for their own victimization.

Question 9

______ networks act as a support system for victims to seek professional help and to make an official crime report.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______ networks act as a support system...

Question 10

An attack who is killed in self-defense is an example of a

Accepted Answer

The attacker in a self-defense scenario is considered guilty due to initiating the aggression, making them responsible for the consequences of their actions, rather than an innocent or voluntary victim.

Question 11

Which of the following are considered negative consequences of victim blaming?

Accepted Answer

All of the listed options are considered negative consequences of victim blaming. Victim blaming can perpetuate the idea that victims have control over their environment and the crimes committed against them, suggest that only those who are entirely without fault are deserving of sympathy or justice, and create a misleading sense of security by implying that avoiding certain behaviors can fully protect one from becoming a victim of crime.

Question 12

According to Mendelsohn, victims of random and unprecipitated crime are ______.

Accepted Answer

Mendelsohn categorizes victims of random and unprecipitated crime as "innocent victims," meaning they bear no responsibility for the crime that occurs to them.

Question 13

Mendelsohn focused on ______.

Accepted Answer

Mendelsohn, known as the "father of victimology," focused on the influence of guilt and responsibility of victims, exploring how victims may contribute to their own victimization.

Question 14

Who of the following focused on how personal factors influence risk factors for victimization?

Accepted Answer

von Hentig focused on how personal factors influence risk factors for victimization, emphasizing the characteristics of victims that might make them more susceptible to crime.

Question 15

Which of the following is not true regarding the just world hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The just world hypothesis does not imply that there are no true victims. Instead, it is a cognitive bias that suggests people get what they deserve, leading to a rationalization of injustice or misfortune. This belief can result in victim-blaming but does not deny the existence of victims altogether.

Question 16

The just world hypothesis may lead to all of the following except ______.

Accepted Answer

The just world hypothesis is the belief that people get what they deserve, leading individuals to rationalize an injustice by blaming the victim, thus decreasing support for victims rather than increasing it. This belief can lead to increased support of rape myths and decreased crime reporting, as victims may be blamed for their misfortune, but it does not inherently lead to increased support for victims.

Question 17

Researchers have suggested that which two theories should be combined to investigate victimization risks in general?

Accepted Answer

Routine activities theory and lifestyle theory are often combined to investigate victimization risks, as they both focus on the patterns of individuals' daily activities and how these patterns influence their risk of becoming a victim of crime.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about lifestyle theory?

Accepted Answer

Lifestyle theory was developed to explore the risks of victimization from personal crimes, focusing on how individuals' daily routines and behaviors can influence their likelihood of becoming victims.

Question 19

Hans von Hentig looked at which of the following personal factors when researching influences risk factors for victimization.

Accepted Answer

Hans von Hentig studied a variety of personal factors that influence an individual's risk of victimization, including biological, psychological, and sociological aspects. His work emphasized the importance of understanding the complex interplay of these factors in the context of victimology.

Question 20

The feminist pathways perspective suggests ______.

Accepted Answer

The feminist pathways perspective suggests a cycle of victimization and offending, highlighting how experiences of abuse and victimization can lead to offending behaviors among women. This perspective emphasizes the interconnectedness of victimization experiences and criminal activities, particularly for women.

Quiz 2: Theories of Victimization