Personality tests such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) asks questions such as "I often was in trouble in school although I did not understand for what reasons (true/false)" to determine delinquent/criminal behavior. This type of questionnaire is problematic because:

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This type of questionnaire is problematic because it is tautological, meaning it involves reasoning that is circular or self-referential. Asking about past trouble in school to determine delinquent or criminal behavior assumes a connection between school behavior and criminality, which is the very point such tests are supposed to investigate, not presuppose.

Personality Tests Such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)