One theory of criminal behavior is that lower IQ levels lead to offending as well as other undesirable behaviors. However, IQ theories are limited because:

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All of the options provided highlight significant limitations of theories that link criminal behavior directly to IQ levels. People with high IQs can and do commit crimes, challenging the notion that lower intelligence is a direct cause of criminal behavior. Additionally, the potential racial and cultural biases in IQ testing question the validity of using IQ scores as a measure of intelligence across different populations. Lastly, these theories often fail to consider how environmental factors, such as socio-economic status, education, and exposure to toxins, can affect IQ scores, thereby oversimplifying the complex interplay between intelligence and behavior.

One Theory of Criminal Behavior Is That Lower IQ Levels