Of the Following Options, Which Force Shaped Political Globalization at the Turn

Of the following options, which force shaped political globalization at the turn of the 20th century?

A) scientific advances in medicine, which allowed people to live longer
B) the growth of nation-states and the spread of colonial rule, which brought many societies into production for global markets and organizations
C) scientific advances such as the manufacturing of steel and other metals, which made construction of buildings, ships, and railways possible
D) advances in shipping and travelling, which allowed people to communicate much faster than before