Diverse Leaders and Diverse Followers Present Challenges of Discrimination and This

Diverse leaders and diverse followers present challenges of discrimination and this may reflect some of the underpinning beliefs we have about the nature of leadership and of followers. What might best explain this claim?

A) Implicitly, and explicitly, how good decisions are made by financial institutions, government agencies, is the thought that it is down to men. It is the leadership style of men-often seen as fuelled by testosterone-that results in an aggressive, non-participative, selfish approach. This model demonstrates the 'male' occupation is successful in progressing more favourable strategic leadership behaviours.
B) That organizations perceive women more favourably than men as potential occupants of leadership roles. They also evaluate behaviour that fulfils the prescriptions of a leader role more favourably when it is enacted by a woman since concerns for discrimination law. This results in a self-fulfilling prophecy of women having a stranglehold over leadership roles.
C) Leadership may be defined in male terms and a narrow view of what a 'successful leader' is becomes entrenched in organizational culture. This narrow view can lead to institutionalized prejudice about the qualities needed to be a leader, excluding those that do not have these attributes.
D) Implicitly, and explicitly, how bad decisions are made by financial institutions, government agencies, is the thought that it is down to men. It is the leadership style of men-often seen as fuelled by testosterone-that results in an aggressive, non-participative, selfish approach. This model demonstrates the 'male' occupation is less successful in progressing strategic leadership behaviours.