Question 1

Which of the following characteristics are associated with the Enlightenment? Please select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The Enlightenment emphasized reason and progress as key principles, focusing on rational thought and the advancement of knowledge.

Question 2

Which of the following are advocates of classical liberalism? Please select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

- Adam Smith is often considered the father of modern economics and a key figure in the development of classical liberalism, advocating for free markets and limited government intervention.- Herbert Spencer, a philosopher and sociologist, promoted ideas of individualism and laissez-faire economics, aligning with classical liberalism principles.

Question 3

Which of the following are NOT characteristics of liberalism?

Accepted Answer

Equality of outcome is not a characteristic of liberalism; liberalism typically emphasizes equality of opportunity, liberty, and toleration, rather than ensuring identical outcomes for all individuals.

Question 4

Which of the following thinkers can be described as liberals? Please select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Locke, Mill, and Rawls are all considered liberals, each contributing significantly to liberal philosophy. Locke is known for his work on natural rights and government by consent. Mill is famous for his advocacy of liberty and freedom of expression. Rawls developed theories of justice and fairness in society, emphasizing equality and the social contract. Marx, on the other hand, is associated with communism and socialism, ideologies typically contrasted with liberalism.

Question 5

Which of the following were regarded as 'utopian' socialists? Please select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Saint-Simon and Fourier were both utopian socialists, who believed in creating a perfect society through peaceful means.

Question 6

Which ideological position would adopt the principle 'from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs'?

Accepted Answer

This principle is closely associated with Marxist theory, which falls under the broader umbrella of socialism. It emphasizes an equitable distribution of resources based on individual needs and contributions.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about Edmund Burke apply? Please select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Edmund Burke was a supporter of the American Revolution, seeing it as a struggle for the rights of Englishmen. He also supported Indian opposition to British colonial rule, criticizing the East India Company's exploitation. Additionally, Burke advocated for the independence of Members of Parliament (MPs) to ensure they could make decisions based on their judgment and conscience. However, he was not a supporter of the French Revolution, which he famously criticized in his work "Reflections on the Revolution in France," arguing it would lead to chaos and tyranny.

Question 8

Which of the following are characteristics of conservative thought? Please select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Conservative thought typically includes an aversion to rationalism, favoring tradition and experience over abstract reasoning, and views society as an organic entity that evolves naturally rather than a mechanical construct. Egalitarianism and human perfection are not typically associated with conservative thought.

Question 9

Which of the following are correct about fascism?

Accepted Answer

Fascism in Germany (Nazism) and Italy had different characteristics and emphases, though both shared core fascist principles. Fascism is anti-Enlightenment as it rejects rationalism and individualism.

Question 10

Which of the following countries have witnessed the rise of neo-Nazism? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Neo-Nazism has been on the rise in France, Belgium, and Russia.

Question 11

Which of the following thinkers can be regarded as postmodernists? Please select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida are considered postmodernists because they challenged the foundational concepts and structures of knowledge, emphasizing the instability of meaning, power relations, and the deconstruction of texts.

Question 12

Which of the following is consistent with a foundationalist ontology?

Accepted Answer

Foundationalist ontology posits that there is a reality independent of our perceptions or beliefs, which aligns with the idea that a real world exists and can be observed.

Question 13

Liberal feminism is characterized by which of the following beliefs? Please select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Liberal feminism advocates for equal rights and opportunities for women, emphasizing the importance of women having the same legal and political rights as men (A) and promoting gender equality in professional settings, including having more women in top jobs (D).

Question 14

Which approach to political economy is NOT advanced by reformist environmentalists?

Accepted Answer

Limits to growth is not advanced by reformist environmentalists because it emphasizes the need to impose restrictions on economic growth to preserve environmental resources, which contrasts with reformist approaches that typically focus on integrating environmental concerns within the existing economic system through sustainable development and technological innovation.

Question 15

'Anthropocentrism is a _________centred ethic'.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 'Anthropocentrism is a _________centred ethic'....

Quiz 8: Ideologies