Question 1

According to Aristotle, happiness consists in virtuous activity of the soul in accord with reason.

Accepted Answer

Aristotle believed that happiness (eudaimonia) is the highest good for human beings and is achieved through the virtuous activity of the soul in accordance with reason, which is the essence of his ethical theory.

Question 2

Aristotle believes that each person is naturally virtuous or vicious.

Accepted Answer

Aristotle argues that virtue is not innate but rather developed through practice and habituation, implying that people are not born virtuous or vicious but become so through their actions and choices.

Question 3

According to Aristotle, each virtue is an intermediate between two vices.

Accepted Answer

Aristotle's ethical theory posits that virtue is a mean between two extremes of excess and deficiency, which are considered vices.

Question 4

Aristotle argues that there is a direct connection between acting virtuously and feeling pleasure.

Accepted Answer

Aristotle believes that acting virtuously naturally leads to pleasure because virtuous actions are in accordance with reason and the highest good, which is happiness (eudaimonia). Thus, when one acts virtuously, one is fulfilling their nature and achieving happiness, which is accompanied by pleasure.

Question 5

One kind of justice, according to Aristotle, involves taking exactly as much of a good, such as wealth or honor, as you deserve.

Accepted Answer

Aristotle distinguishes between distributive justice, which involves distributing goods in proportion to merit or worth, and corrective justice, which rectifies imbalances in transactions. The concept described pertains to distributive justice, where individuals receive goods or honors in accordance with what they deserve.

Question 6

Aristotle claims that the happiest human life consists in virtuous political activity.

Accepted Answer

Aristotle claims that the happiest human life consists in the activity of contemplation, which he considers the highest form of virtuous activity.

Question 7

In I.5, Aristotle discusses four kinds of lives that reflect different people's ideas about happiness. What are those four lives? Which three does he criticize? What criticisms does he make of each of those three?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In I.5, Aristotle discusses four kinds of...

Question 8

What is happiness, according to Aristotle?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is happiness, according to Aristotle?...

Question 9

How do people come to be virtuous, according to Aristotle?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do people come to be virtuous,...

Question 10

In your own words, explain Aristotle's view that each virtue is an intermediate between two extremes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In your own words, explain Aristotle's view...

Question 11

What is the special virtue of justice, according to Aristotle?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the special virtue of justice,...

Question 12

What is the happiest life, according to Aristotle? Why?

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The answer of What is the happiest life, according to...

Question 13

Which of the following best captures the basic question that Eaton is trying to answer in this paper?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best captures the...

Question 14

Eaton's main conclusion in this paper is:

Accepted Answer

Eaton's main conclusion is that antiporn feminism can be a sensible position supported by intuitive arguments and is sensitive to the complexities of the data about pornography's effects.

Question 15

What of the following best characterizes one of the reasons Eaton gives for why eroticizing gender inequality is especially effective for sustaining it?

Accepted Answer

Eaton argues that by making gender inequality not only tolerable but also desirable through its eroticization, it becomes an especially effective means of sustaining such inequality. This is because it integrates the inequality into the realm of personal desire and pleasure, making it seem natural or even beneficial, rather than oppressive or unjust.

Question 16

Eaton argues that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Eaton argues that:
...

Question 17

Of the following definitions, which most accurately define the idea of inegalitarian pornography, as Eaton understands it?

Accepted Answer

Sexually explicit representations that eroticize activities or relations marked by gender inequity.

Question 18

Which of the following best characterizes the distinction between singular and diffuse causes that Eaton employs regarding the exposure of pornography?

Accepted Answer

Singular causes are a limited number of discrete encounters with pornography, whereas diffuse causes are prolonged exposure to a variety of pornographic representations.

Question 19

Why, according to Eaton, does a taxonomy of the potential harms of pornography matter?

Accepted Answer

A taxonomy of the potential harms of pornography is important because it aids in assessing the credibility of antiporn feminism and the effectiveness of its suggested solutions to these harms.

Question 20

Which of the following best captures how Eaton thinks the causal relation between pornography and harm should be understood?

Accepted Answer

Eaton views the causal relationship between pornography and harm as complex and probabilistic, rather than deterministic or constitutive. She suggests that pornography is part of a broader set of factors that can lead to harm, under certain conditions.

Quiz 13: Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice