The Court's Ruling on Shackling Was Based on Central Criticisms

The court's ruling on shackling was based on central criticisms, such as:

A) Shackling may lead to biased juror perceptions undermining the presumption of innocence
B) Shackling is likely to interfere with a defendant's capacity to assist in his or her own defense
C) Shackling may undercut key principles characterizing U.S. courtrooms
D) All of the above