Question 1

The Rohingyas are a Buddhist group that is persecuted in majority-Muslim Myanmar.

Accepted Answer

The Rohingyas are a Muslim minority group facing persecution in majority-Buddhist Myanmar.

Question 2

According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), refugee status is declaratory, meaning that any person who qualifies as a refugee is by that very fact a refugee, regardless of the formal recognition of the host country.

Accepted Answer

Refugee status is indeed declaratory according to the UNHCR, meaning a person is considered a refugee once they meet the criteria outlined in international law, regardless of whether they have been formally recognized as such by a host country.

Question 3

When were the temporal limitations originally included as part of the definition of a 'refugee' in the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees removed?

Accepted Answer

The temporal limitations originally included in the definition of a 'refugee' in the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees were removed by the 1967 Protocol, which expanded the scope of the Convention to cover refugees without any time limitations.

Question 4

The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) was established in…

Accepted Answer

The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) was established in 1950, following the aftermath of World War II, to help millions of Europeans who had fled or lost their homes.

Question 5

The 'fractioning' of the refugee label within forced migration studies refers to the multiplication of related labels used to manage intense migration flows and increasingly exclude more people from the legal protection of refugee status.

Accepted Answer

The 'fractioning' of the refugee label in forced migration studies describes the process where the original, broad category of 'refugee' is subdivided into more specific labels (such as "internally displaced persons," "asylum seekers," etc.). This proliferation of terms can lead to stricter interpretations of who qualifies for refugee status, potentially excluding individuals from protection who would have previously been included under a more general understanding of the term.

Question 6

Even though states have no obligation to grant asylum or admit refugees, they do have the obligation not to forcibly return asylum seekers to the countries where they are facing persecution; this is known as the right to non-refoulement.

Accepted Answer

The principle of non-refoulement is a fundamental aspect of international refugee law that prohibits states from returning asylum seekers to a country where they are likely to face persecution, torture, or other serious harm.

Question 7

According to the UN's 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, refugees are people who are outside their countries of origin and cannot return 'owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted' for which reason?

Accepted Answer

The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees defines refugees as individuals who are outside their country of origin due to a well-founded fear of persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion. Therefore, all the options given (race, religion, nationality) are correct reasons under the convention.

Question 8

According to B. S. Chimni, in what period was the refugee regime led by practical interests, such as attracting professional refugees, including medical doctors and scientists?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to B. S. Chimni, in what...

Question 9

Which of the following is not a category of forced migration as classified by the causes of displacement?

Accepted Answer

The categories of forced migration typically include conflict-induced, development-induced, and human trafficking. "Groups or people of concern" is not a category of forced migration by causes of displacement; instead, it refers to a classification used by organizations like the UNHCR to identify people who need protection or assistance, such as refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced people, and stateless persons.

Question 10

Voluntary migration is usually based on economic calculations, although some argue that the line between voluntary and forced migration is blurring.

Accepted Answer

Voluntary migration is often driven by economic factors, such as the search for better job opportunities or living conditions. However, the distinction between voluntary and forced migration can become unclear, especially in situations where individuals feel compelled to move due to economic hardship, environmental degradation, or other pressures that may not be as immediate or direct as conflict or persecution.

Question 11

Reports that focus on gang- and drug-related violence as major motivations for forced migration in Central America overlook two factors: the region is very rich in biodiversity, minerals, and other valuable natural resources; and the region is plagued by other types of violence, such as femicide, killings of environmental activists, and political murders.

Accepted Answer

The statement highlights that while gang- and drug-related violence are often cited as major motivations for forced migration, these reports overlook the region's richness in biodiversity and natural resources, as well as other forms of violence like femicide, environmental activist killings, and political murders, which are also significant issues in Central America.

Question 12

People in refugee-like situations are…

Accepted Answer

People in refugee-like situations are those who are outside their country of origin and face risks similar to those of refugees, but have not yet been granted official refugee status.

Question 13

The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration and the Global Compact on Refugees (2018)…

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and...

Question 14

As of 2017, there were approximately how many forced migrants worldwide?

Accepted Answer

As of 2017, there were approximately 68.5 million forced migrants worldwide, according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). This number includes refugees, internally displaced persons, and asylum seekers.

Question 15

Gender considerations have been a formal part of the UN's refugee regime since the 1951 Convention.

Accepted Answer

The 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees does not explicitly mention gender considerations. Gender-specific provisions and guidelines were formally introduced into the UN's refugee regime later, particularly in the 1990s.

Quiz 25: Refugees and Forced Migration