A fully developed concept of "race" as a pseudo-biological category was codified in the work of leading European and American intellectuals around the time of the American Revolution.

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The concept of "race" as a pseudo-biological category began to be more fully developed and codified by leading European and American intellectuals around the 18th century, coinciding with the era of the American Revolution. This period marked the beginning of more systematic efforts to classify humans into distinct racial categories based on physical characteristics and supposed intellectual and moral qualities, often to justify social hierarchies and imperialism.

A Fully Developed Concept of "Race" as a Pseudo-Biological Category