Which of the following scenarios involves a student who may be susceptible to problems secondary to substance dependence? (Select all that apply.)

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Use of steroids may have influenced a generation of teenaged athletes to put themselves at risk. Evidence also points at behavioral changes among those using steroids leading to an increased potential for suicide and aggressive and risky behaviors among steroid users (the athlete who is worried about managing his anger). Substance dependence is defined as three (or more) of the following criteria being exhibited anytime within the same 12-month period: (1) Tolerance, either a need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve the desired effect, or a diminished effect with use of the same amount; (2) Withdrawal, either the characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance or the substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal (the young woman who is shaking while drinking coffee); (3) The substance is taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than planned; (4) There is a desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control usage; (5) Much time is spent obtaining, using, or recovering from use of the substance; (6) Involvement in important activities are decreased (students meeting in a dorm room each night to share "herbal" cigarettes); (7) Continual use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem caused or exacerbated by the substance (the student smoking a cigarette immediately after leaving class, despite knowing the dangers of tobacco, and the driver vomiting into the street). Taking two aspirin out of a care package would not indicate that the student is susceptible to substance abuse problems.

Which of the Following Scenarios Involves a Student Who May