Question 1

Coordination between vision and touch with the hands appears

Accepted Answer

Coordination between vision and touch with the hands develops after the coordination of vision and touch with the mouth. This is because infants first explore the world orally, and the coordination of vision and touch with the mouth precedes similar coordination with the hands as they grow and develop further sensory and motor skills.

Question 2

In a study with children and adults,videotapes of an adult uttering ba ba were synchronized with the sound ga ga.The results showed that children through adults reported hearing

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as the McGurk effect, where conflicting visual and auditory stimuli lead to a third perception, in this case, "da da."

Question 3

According to some researchers,intermodal perception does not depend upon learning to coordinate the various senses.Instead,infants and children accumulate experience to recognize which sense is being stimulated,a process called

Accepted Answer

Perceptual differentiation is the process through which infants and children learn to distinguish between different sensory inputs, recognizing which sense is being stimulated without necessarily having to learn to coordinate their senses. This concept suggests that through experience, they become adept at identifying the source of sensory information.

Question 4

A child who prefers to look at a film showing an activity that matches the sounds he is hearing rather than a film showing an activity discrepant with the sounds he is hearing is displaying

Accepted Answer

Intermodal perception refers to the ability to integrate information from two or more sensory modalities, such as sight and sound. When a child prefers to watch a film that matches the sounds they are hearing, they are demonstrating the ability to integrate visual and auditory information, which is a hallmark of intermodal perception.

Question 5

The taste preferences seen in the newborn

Accepted Answer

Newborns do have some taste preferences, but they are also heavily influenced by their sense of smell. As the brain develops and gains more experiences, taste preferences can be modified. However, they may not necessarily remain unchanged throughout life, as taste preferences can also be influenced by cultural and societal factors.

Question 6

Which of the following would be a good summary of perceptual development?

Accepted Answer

Perceptual development is a process in which babies become more skilled in interpreting and processing information from their senses. This process reveals an adaptive order that capitalizes on experience, as babies learn to detect and respond to meaningful stimuli in their environment. Option B best captures this idea. Option A is inaccurate because babies are actually quite skilled at processing some types of information from birth, such as facial expressions and speech sounds. Option C is also incorrect, as infants do not perceive the world exactly as adults do due to differences in brain development and experience. Option D is partially correct, as children do need to integrate their senses to make sense of their environment, but it is not accurate to say that they are "quite advanced" by this point, as this process occurs gradually over time.

Question 7

Three-year-old Matty was shown a video of an adult uttering ba ba synchronized with the audio of an adult uttering ga ga.When asked what he heard,Matty reported hearing a very different utterance.This result suggests that

Accepted Answer

The fact that Matty heard a different utterance suggests that visual cues influenced his perception of the auditory cues. This phenomenon is known as the McGurk effect, where visual information (speakers lip and facial movements) can influence the perception of auditory information. This effect is strongest in younger children (around the age of three) and decreases as they get older. Therefore, option A is the most appropriate answer. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as there is no evidence to suggest that Matty has a hearing problem, lost the ability to discriminate between phonemes, or is not proficient at discriminating phonemes.

Question 8

Hank grew up in an environment where there are relatively few straight paths and homes are likely to be circular hollows carved in mountainous hillsides.He

Accepted Answer

Growing up in an environment with few straight paths and circular homes carved in mountainous hillsides may result in Hank having better spatial awareness and perception, making him less susceptible to some kinds of illusions compared to a child reared in a more standardized environment.

Question 9

Innate preferences for some tastes may help infants

Accepted Answer

Innate preferences for certain tastes, such as sweetness and umami (savory) flavors, may help infants meet their nutritional needs by encouraging the consumption of breast milk or other nutrient-rich foods. Additionally, an innate aversion to bitter flavors may protect infants from harmful substances that often taste bitter. Therefore, innate taste preferences can aid in a baby's health and development.

Question 10

According to Gibson,a first-grade child who is learning to read will be able to discriminate subtle changes in letters because she

Accepted Answer

Gibson's theory of perceptual learning emphasizes the role of the environment in shaping perceptual abilities. According to this theory, a child who has had the opportunity to experience the regularities and differences among similar stimuli will be able to discriminate subtle changes in letters. This suggests that exposure to a variety of letter shapes and sounds, along with practice and feedback, is critical for the development of reading skills. Choices A and D are incorrect because they suggest that reinforcement from teachers or parents is the primary cause of perceptual learning, while choice B is irrelevant to the question.

Question 11

When sensory information is not tied to a particular sensory modality but shared across two or more of them,this is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Amodal perception refers to the brain's ability to integrate information from different senses into a single, unified perception, without being tied to one specific sensory modality.

Question 12

Claire was born prematurely and at risk because of her low birth weight.However,stimulating her sense of ________ helped accelerate her weight gain.

Accepted Answer

Stimulating Claire's sense of touch through skin-to-skin contact or massage has been shown to increase weight gain in premature infants. Taste, smell, and vision are not as closely linked to weight gain in premature infants.

Question 13

Which of the following is not true of intermodal perceptual development?

Accepted Answer

This statement is not true as studies have shown that infants as young as 6 months can match the maturity of a face with its voice. Therefore, the correct option is D - "Babies are unable to match the maturity of a face with its voice."

Question 14

Research on the interaction between experience and perceptual development suggests that

Accepted Answer

Perceptual experience plays a crucial role in maintaining and refining perceptual capacities that are present from birth, helping to fine-tune these abilities through interaction with the environment.

Question 15

Perceptual experience plays an especially critical role in the developing ability to discriminate and distinguish

Accepted Answer

Faces are a particularly important type of visual stimuli for human beings, as they convey a great deal of social and emotional information. Research suggests that infants as young as a few months old are able to distinguish between different faces and recognize familiar faces, indicating that perceptual experience plays a critical role in this ability.

Question 16

Research suggests that a breast-fed newborn is able to discriminate his mother from others by using

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that breast-fed newborns can recognize the smell of their mother's milk, which helps them to differentiate between their mother and other individuals.

Question 17

________ is the coordination of sensory information to perceive these experiences as integrated and coordinated,and to draw perceptual inferences.

Accepted Answer

Intermodal perception refers to the ability to integrate information from multiple senses such as vision, hearing, and touch to create a cohesive perception of the world. The coordination of this sensory information allows for the formation of perceptual inferences, or the ability to make assumptions or conclusions based on the sensory information received. Amodal perception refers to the ability to perceive objects or events even when sensory information is incomplete or missing, which is not related to coordination of sensory information. Perceptual differentiation refers to the ability to distinguish between sensory information, which is not related to coordination. Perceptual accommodation refers to the process of adjusting one's perception in response to changing sensory input, which is not related to coordination of sensory information.

Question 18

Four-year-old Michael was given a dark blue rubber ball,and he was asked to place it next to the ball it most resembled.Michael likely placed the ball next to

Accepted Answer

Children at the age of four tend to categorize objects based on color rather than material or size, making the light blue ball of yarn the most similar to a dark blue rubber ball in Michael's perception.

Question 19

Newborns have difficulty regulating their own temperature because

Accepted Answer

Newborns cannot sweat or pant, which are two of the main ways that adults regulate their body temperature. Newborns also have a higher surface area to body mass ratio, which means they lose heat more rapidly than adults. As a result, newborns require external methods of temperature regulation, such as being swaddled or placed in a warm incubator.

Question 20

If newborns' senses function separately and distinctly,their perception is said to be

Accepted Answer

Unimodal perception refers to the processing of information through one sensory modality at a time, indicating that newborns' senses function separately and distinctly.

Quiz 6: Basic Learning and Perception