Question 1

What effect of endocrine disruptors has been shown by laboratory studies?

Accepted Answer

Laboratory studies have shown that endocrine disruptors can cause reproductive problems in nonhuman animals, affecting their development and reproductive systems.

Question 2

A common practice during delivery of a baby is to induce labor by giving pregnant women what hormone?

Accepted Answer

The hormone commonly given to induce labor during delivery is oxytocin. This hormone stimulates contractions in the uterus, which can help the baby to move down the birth canal and ultimately be delivered. Estrogen and progesterone are hormones that play important roles during pregnancy but are not typically used to induce labor. Prolactin is a hormone involved in milk production after birth but is not directly involved in labor and delivery.

Question 3

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

The mesoderm develops into many different types of tissues, including muscles, bones, and blood vessels, but not the eye. The eye is derived from the ectoderm (specifically, the neural ectoderm).

Question 4

Jane is a 20-year-old individual who externally resembles a female but who is actually genetically a male (XY). Based on your knowledge of human development, how could this be possible?

Accepted Answer

During early development, the undifferentiated gonads have the potential to become either testes or ovaries. The presence of androgens, such as testosterone, promotes the development of male genitalia. If the embryonic gonads do not produce androgens or do not have functional testosterone receptors, male genitalia may not fully develop, resulting in external female genitalia. In this case, Jane's genetic makeup is male (XY), but the lack of androgen production or functionality led to the development of female external genitalia.

Question 5

What type of evidence shows that endocrine disruptors in the water supply can cause human reproductive problems?

Accepted Answer

Correlative evidence suggests a possible link between endocrine disruptors in the water supply and human reproductive problems, but it does not establish a direct cause-and-effect relationship.

Question 6

Exposure to which of the following chemicals is correlated with low birth weight and premature birth?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Exposure to which of the following chemicals...

Question 7

The presence or absence of which hormone(s) is critical in determining the development of either male or female reproductive structures in an embryo?

Accepted Answer

Androgens are critical hormones in determining the development of male reproductive structures in an embryo. They are produced by the testes and promote the development of the male genitalia and reproductive system. In the absence of androgens, female reproductive structures develop.

Quiz 22: Is There Something in the Water Reproductive and Developmental Biology