The Malthusian forecast that population growth would outrun the food supply can be explained in terms of

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The Malthusian forecast is based on the law of diminishing marginal returns, which states that as more and more inputs (such as labor) are added to a fixed amount of land, the gains in output will eventually decrease. This means that at some point, the amount of food produced will no longer keep up with the increasing population, leading to famine and other types of resource scarcity.

The Malthusian Forecast That Population Growth Would Outrun the Food