Question 1

Arrange in the proper sequence the following events as they occur in the ossification of a long bone. 1. Chondroblasts die, and the surrounding matrix breaks down.
2) Osteoblasts secrete osteoid.
3) Blood vessels transport osteoblasts into the area to be ossified.
4) Chondroblasts create a model of long bones from cartilage.
5) Osteoblasts become osteocytes.
A) 3, 2, 5, 4, 1
B) 4, 1, 3, 2, 5
C) 4, 1, 5, 3, 2
D) 5, 2, 3, 1, 4
E) 3, 2, 1, 5, 4

Accepted Answer

The sequence of events in the ossification of a long bone is as follows: 4) Chondroblasts create a model of long bones from cartilage. 1) Chondroblasts die, and the surrounding matrix breaks down. 3) Blood vessels transport osteoblasts into the area to be ossified. 2) Osteoblasts secrete osteoid. 5) Osteoblasts become osteocytes. Thus, the correct sequence is 4, 1, 3, 2, 5. The only answer choice that follows this sequence is B.

Question 2

Which one of the following is the correct classification of vertebrae, from the skull to the pelvis?
A) sacral, coccygeal, lumbar, thoracic, cervical
B) cervical, thoracic, lumbar, coccygeal, sacral
C) cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
D) coccygeal, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, cervical
E) coccygeal, thoracic, lumbar, cervical, sacral

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

Bones are connected to other bones across a joint by
A) ligaments
B) tendons
C) osteocytes
D) cartilage
E) trabeculae

Accepted Answer

Ligaments are tough, fibrous connective tissues that connect bones to other bones and provide stability to the joint.

Question 4

All of the following statements about the sinuses are TRUE EXCEPT which one?
A) The sinuses are located in several of the facial bones.
B) The sinuses are lined by a tissue that produces and secretes mucus.
C) The sinuses give the human voice its characteristic resonance and tone.
D) The sinuses add weight and bulk to the skull and facial bones, strengthening them.
E) The sinuses connect to the nasal cavity by small passageways.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following statements about the...

Question 5

Which one of the following separates neighboring vertebrae and also functions as shock absorbers?
A) ribs
B) palatine bones
C) intervertebral disks
D) intravertebral disks
E) osteons

Accepted Answer

Intervertebral disks are located between neighboring vertebrae and function as shock absorbers. The ribs are not located between the vertebrae, the palatine bones are located in the skull and have no connection to vertebrae, the term "intravertebral disks" is not used in anatomy, and osteons are structural units found in bone tissue, not between vertebrae.

Question 6

Even before organs begin to form, rudimentary versions of the shapes of bones begin to form in a fetus due to the
A) activity of growth hormone
B) formation of secondary ossification sites
C) activity of chondroblasts
D) formation of an osteoclast
E) breakdown of hyaline cartilage

Accepted Answer

Chondroblasts are cells that produce cartilage. Before bones can form in a fetus, a cartilaginous model of the future bone is first created. Chondroblasts lay down hyaline cartilage, which eventually leads to the formation of bone.

Question 7

Osteoporosis is a common condition that essentially results when homeostasis cannot be maintained in ________ and ________.
A) osteoclasts, osteoblasts
B) osteoblasts, osteons
C) chondroblasts, osteoclasts
D) canaculi, chondroblasts
E) canaculi, osteoclasts

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis occurs when there is an imbalance between the activities of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts, resulting in a net loss of bone mass and density. Therefore, option A (osteoclasts and osteoblasts) is the best choice. The other options are not relevant to osteoporosis.

Question 8

Which one of the following statements CORRECTLY describes the location of compact bone and spongy bone?
A) Spongy bone is located at the ends, and compact bone is located in the core of the shaft of the bone.
B) Compact bone covers the ends of the bone and forms the shaft, and spongy bone is inside the ends, under the compact bone.
C) Spongy bone is found on the outside of the shaft, and compact bone forms the hard core of the shaft.
D) Spongy bone is found throughout the shaft and ends, covered by a thin layer of compact bone.
E) The ends of long bones are solid compact bone, and the shaft is predominantly spongy bone.

Accepted Answer

Compact bone covers the ends of the bone and forms the shaft, while spongy bone is inside the ends, under the compact bone. This arrangement allows for both support and flexibility in the bones.

Question 9

Bones continue to lengthen throughout childhood and adolescence because
A) a growth plate is present in each epiphysis until the late teens
B) the production of cartilage for a lengthening bone occurs primarily on the inside of the growth plate
C) ossification cannot occur until after puberty
D) primary ossification occurs until death
E) the activity of osteoblasts cannot be reduced until adulthood

Accepted Answer

The growth plate, also known as the epiphyseal plate, is present in each epiphysis until the late teens. This is where cartilage continues to be produced and ossified, allowing bones to lengthen throughout childhood and adolescence.

Question 10

In which of the following bones are the teeth anchored?
A) mandible and zygomatic bones
B) mandible and maxilla
C) maxilla and zygomatic bones
D) mandible and sphenoid bone
E) sphenoid bone and maxilla

Accepted Answer

The teeth are anchored in the mandible and maxilla bones.

Question 11

A typical long bone has an epiphysis at each end, which can be thought of as
A) yellow bone marrow
B) a cylindrical hollow shaft
C) a tough layer of connective tissue
D) a site of water storage
E) an enlarged knob

Accepted Answer

The epiphysis is an enlarged knob at each end of a long bone.

Question 12

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding bone?
A) The epiphysis of a long bone is filled with yellow bone marrow.
B) Bone is not considered to be a living tissue because it does not contain cells or blood vessels.
C) Dense compact bone is located in the center of a long bone.
D) Stem cells responsible for the production of blood cells are located in red bone marrow.
E) The outer surface of a bone is covered with loose connective tissue.

Accepted Answer

Stem cells responsible for the production of blood cells, also known as hematopoietic stem cells, are located in red bone marrow. The epiphysis of a long bone contains red bone marrow, not yellow. Bone is considered a living tissue as it contains cells and blood vessels. Dense compact bone is located towards the outer portion of a long bone. The outer surface of a bone is covered with a thin layer of connective tissue called the periosteum.

Question 13

Bones of trained athletes may be visibly thicker and heavier than those of nonathletes because
A) athletes have lower blood calcium levels than nonathletes
B) weight-bearing exercise increases bone mass and strength
C) nonathletes have a low parathyroid hormone rate
D) athletes produce more growth plates
E) nonathletes produce fewer osteoids

Accepted Answer

Weight-bearing exercise, such as that engaged in by athletes, has been shown to increase bone mass and strength. This is why bones of trained athletes may be visibly thicker and heavier than those of nonathletes.

Question 14

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
A) It stimulates the release of growth hormone.
B) It is released when blood calcium levels are high.
C) It has the same function as calcitonin.
D) It causes the breakdown of bone.
E) It causes decreased activity of osteoclasts.

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes the breakdown of bone by activating osteoclasts and releasing calcium into the bloodstream. It is released when blood calcium levels are low, which is a signal to the parathyroid glands to release more PTH. PTH does not have the same function as calcitonin, which works to decrease blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity and promoting calcium deposition in bones. PTH also does not stimulate the release of growth hormone.

Question 15

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding bone repair?
A) Fibrocartilage degenerates where the two broken ends of the bone were once together.
B) Osteoblasts convert cartilage to bone in the injured area.
C) Immediately after breaking a bone, a hematoma breaks free from the injured area.
D) Bones heal more quickly as individuals age.
E) The repaired area of a bone is much thinner than the original bone.

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts are cells responsible for creating new bone tissue, and they play a primary role in bone repair. In the case of a bone fracture, osteoblasts convert the cartilage in the injured area to bone tissue, which then replaces the temporary cartilage model that initially formed during the healing process.

Question 16

All of the following are functions of bone EXCEPT which one?
A) red blood cell formation
B) serving as an endocrine organ, secreting several different hormones
C) support and protection
D) attachment of muscles, enabling movement
E) mineral storage

Accepted Answer

Although bone tissue does play a role in hormone regulation, it does not function as an endocrine organ by secreting hormones. Instead, hormones such as calcitonin and parathyroid hormone regulate bone metabolism and mineral homeostasis.

Question 17

When a bone breaks, a(n) ________ forms until later being replaced with bone.
A) cyst
B) growth plate
C) hematoma
D) callus
E) pore

Accepted Answer

When a bone breaks, a callus forms as a temporary connective tissue that helps to hold the two broken ends together. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts will eventually replace the callus with new bone tissue.

Question 18

The type of cell responsible for the production of red and white blood cells in bone marrow is the
A) osteon
B) osteocyte
C) osteoclast
D) stem cell
E) canaliculi

Accepted Answer

The only choice that refers to a cell responsible for blood cell production is D, stem cell. Osteons, osteocytes, and osteoclasts are all types of bone cells, and canaliculi are small channels in bone tissue.

Question 19

In characterizing cartilage, which one of the following is CORRECT?
A) Cartilage is found where support under pressure is required.
B) All types of cartilage are produced by osteocytes.
C) Cartilage functions to link muscles to bone.
D) Cartilage fibers make up ligaments.
E) Cartilage is flexible due to a spongy network of trabeculae.

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is a specialized connective tissue that is found in areas where support under pressure is required, such as the joints between bones, the rib cage, and the ear.

Question 20

A young man is brought to an emergency room; his diagnosis is a broken cheek bone. Which one of the following bones has been affected?
A) zygomatic
B) mandible
C) frontal
D) sphenoid
E) temporal

Accepted Answer

The zygomatic bone, also known as the cheekbone, is a common site for fractures due to trauma.

Quiz 5: The Skeletal System

Which one of the following is the correct classification of vertebrae, from the skull to the pelvis?

Bones are connected to other bones across a joint by

All of the following statements about the sinuses are TRUE EXCEPT which one?

Which one of the following separates neighboring vertebrae and also functions as shock absorbers?

Even before organs begin to form, rudimentary versions of the shapes of bones begin to form in a fetus due to the

Osteoporosis is a common condition that essentially results when homeostasis cannot be maintained in and .

Which one of the following statements CORRECTLY describes the location of compact bone and spongy bone?

Bones continue to lengthen throughout childhood and adolescence because

In which of the following bones are the teeth anchored?

A typical long bone has an epiphysis at each end, which can be thought of as

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding bone?

Bones of trained athletes may be visibly thicker and heavier than those of nonathletes because

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding parathyroid hormone (PTH) ?

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding bone repair?

All of the following are functions of bone EXCEPT which one?

When a bone breaks, a(n) ________ forms until later being replaced with bone.

The type of cell responsible for the production of red and white blood cells in bone marrow is the

In characterizing cartilage, which one of the following is CORRECT?

A young man is brought to an emergency room; his diagnosis is a broken cheek bone. Which one of the following bones has been affected?