Question 1

__________ can take one of two forms: (1) requiring an individual to grant sexual favors to obtain, maintain, or improve employment status; or (2) creation of a hostile work environment.

Accepted Answer

The two forms described are characteristic of sexual harassment in the workplace. Gratuities refer to tips or gifts given as a form of appreciation, and are not related to workplace status or conduct. Organized crime refers to criminal activities carried out by a structured group, which is not relevant to this question. Discrimination can take many forms, but the specific forms mentioned in the question relate to sexual harassment.

Question 2

The term ___________ refers to coffee, food, or other items and services given to police officers for a reduced price or free of charge.

Accepted Answer

Gratuity refers to the practice of providing discounts or free items and services to police officers as a sign of appreciation or in the hope of receiving favorable treatment.

Question 3

___________ deviance refers to inappropriate work-related activities in which police may participate or the deviant behavior-criminal and noncriminal-committed during the course of normal work activities or committed under the guise of the police officer's authority.

Accepted Answer

The description given in the question (inappropriate work-related activities committed under the guise of the police officer's authority) is characteristic of occupational deviance. The other options (retreatist, conformist, and informal) do not relate specifically to work-related activities or abuse of authority.

Question 4

Police ___________ involves those situations in which a citizen experiences a sexually degrading, humiliating, violating, damaging or threatening act committed by a police officer, through the use of force or police authority.

Accepted Answer

The definition provided in the question fits the description of sexual violence committed by a police officer, as it includes acts that are sexually degrading, humiliating, violating, and threatening, all of which are forms of sexual violence.

Question 5

___________, an eighteenth century philosopher, expanded the ethics of duty by including the idea of "goodwill," believing that when people act, their actions must be guided by good intent.

Accepted Answer

Immanuel Kant is the philosopher who expanded the ethics of duty by including the idea of "goodwill" as a guiding principle for actions. He believed that the morality of an action is determined not by its consequences, but by the intention behind it.

Question 6

Morality denotes the capacity of people to make judgments about what is right or good.

Accepted Answer

Morality is defined as the principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 7

The study of ethics is not an attempt to understand the "why" of human behavior but rather an attempt to evaluate behavior in terms of ethical or moral principles.

Accepted Answer

The study of ethics is focused on evaluating human behavior based on ethical or moral principles rather than seeking to understand the reasons behind the behavior.

Question 8

The utilitarian philosophy of ethics emphasizes the consequences of one's actions.

Accepted Answer

The utilitarian philosophy of ethics focuses on maximizing overall happiness or well-being, and considers the consequences of one's actions in achieving that goal.

Question 9

The deontological philosophy of ethics emphasizes one's duty.

Accepted Answer

Deontological ethics emphasizes moral duties and principles, rather than outcomes or consequences. It focuses on the morality of actions and emphasizes the importance of following moral rules and duties.

Question 10

There is a single source of police ethics that should form the basis of all police decision-making.

Accepted Answer

There is not a single source of police ethics that universally applies to all police departments and officers. Rather, police ethics may vary depending on local laws, departmental policies, and individual values and beliefs. Some common sources of police ethics include the law, the Constitution, professional codes of conduct, and personal values.

Question 11

Determination of what conduct is ethical requires consideration of a wide range of values.

Accepted Answer

Ethics is a complex and multi-faceted field that involves considering a variety of values, principles, and perspectives in order to determine what conduct is right or good. Factors such as fairness, justice, respect, responsibility, empathy, integrity, and compassion, among others, may all be relevant in deciding how to act in a given situation. Ultimately, ethical decision-making requires careful reflection, critical thinking, and a commitment to doing what is morally right or just.

Question 12

The role of law is best understood in terms of how and why the government was created and structured.

Accepted Answer

The role of law is closely tied to the creation and structure of government because laws are implemented by the government to regulate and control society. Laws are created to ensure that individuals are protected and that the government acts in accordance with established norms and principles. Therefore, understanding how and why the government was created and structured is important in understanding the role of law.

Question 13

Social norms are developed through the process of socialization whereby members of a society are taught and internalize which behaviors are considered appropriate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Social norms are developed through the process...

Question 14

Personal values are the general rules of behavioral expectations that are pervasive in a given group or society.

Accepted Answer

Personal values are individual principles or standards of behavior; one's judgment of what is important in life, not the general rules of behavioral expectations in a group or society, which are more accurately described as social norms or cultural values.

Question 15

Drug use by police officers is becoming more prevalent.

Accepted Answer

Drug use by police officers has been a growing concern in recent years, with studies showing an increase in the prevalence of drug use among police officers.

Quiz 9: Ethics and Deviance