Expectancy theory asserts that valence, instrumentality, and expectancy determine an employee's level of motivation.

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Expectancy theory is based on the belief that an individual's motivation to perform a task is determined by their perception of the outcome or reward of the task (valence), their belief in their ability to perform the task (expectancy), and their belief that performing the task will lead to the desired outcome (instrumentality). Therefore, valence, instrumentality, and expectancy are integral components of the theory.

Expectancy Theory Asserts That Valence, Instrumentality, and Expectancy Determine an Employee's