Question 1

Which of the following is associated with the classical school of criminology?

Accepted Answer

The classical school of criminology is associated with the ideas of Jeremy Bentham, who argued that individuals are rational and will weigh the benefits and consequences of their actions before committing a crime. He proposed the concept of utilitarianism, which is based on the idea that punishment should be proportionate to the harm caused and that the purpose of punishment is to deter future crime.

Question 2

Which of the following is not one of the three requirements for effective punishment according to the hedonistic calculus?

Accepted Answer

The three requirements for effective punishment according to the hedonistic calculus are certainty, swiftness, and proportional. Justification is not one of the requirements, although it may still be an important factor in ensuring that punishment is perceived as fair and legitimate.

Question 3

_________is known as the "Grandfather of Criminology" because of his shift in focus to the offender.

Accepted Answer

Cesare Lombroso is known as the "Grandfather of Criminology" because of his shift in focus to the offender. He believed in the concept of a "born criminal" and studied the physical attributes of criminals to try to identify them. His work influenced the development of other criminological theories, such as positivism and biological theories of crime.

Question 4

What term describes the policy of improving the human race through controlled procreation?

Accepted Answer

The term that describes the policy of improving the human race through controlled procreation is eugenics.

Question 5

__________describes the process by which one will continue behavior for which one has been rewarded, and eliminate behaviors that have been punished.

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement refers to the process of continuing behavior that has been rewarded (positive reinforcement) or eliminating behavior that has been punished (negative reinforcement). Modeling refers to learning by observing and imitating others, psychoanalysis is a therapeutic approach to treating mental disorders, and sociopathy is a personality disorder characterized by antisocial behavior and a lack of empathy.

Question 6

Which theories share the belief that various societal factors are the main causes of crime?

Accepted Answer

Sociological theories of crime posit that crime is mainly a result of various societal factors, such as poverty, inequality, and lack of social institutions. Classical theories focus on individual choice and rationality, while biological theories attribute crime to genetic or biological factors. Psychological theories emphasize the role of individual psychology and personality traits in criminal behavior.

Question 7

The assumption that men were rational and operated with free will is most associated with the classical school.

Accepted Answer

The classical school of criminology emphasized the notion of rationality and free will, suggesting that individuals have the ability to make choices based on their own self-interest and that punishment should be proportionate to the crime committed. This assumption is often referred to as "classical rationality" and is a key feature of the classical school.

Question 8

When studying twins, concordance means that the twins do not share the same trait.

Accepted Answer

Concordance refers to the degree of similarity or agreement between twins in regards to a specific trait or condition. Therefore, when studying twins, concordance means that the twins do share the same trait.

Question 9

Those diagnosed with hyperactivity as children are 25 times more likely to exhibit later delinquency.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that children diagnosed with hyperactivity are more likely to develop delinquent behavior later in life. A study published in the Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology found that boys diagnosed with hyperactivity at age 8 were 25 times more likely to exhibit delinquent behavior by age 17. However, it is important to note that not all children with hyperactivity or ADHD will develop delinquent behavior. Many factors including environment, parenting, and additional support can mitigate these risks.

Question 10

Antisocial personality disorder describes an individual who is without a conscious and unable to form sincere, affectionate bonds with others.

Accepted Answer

Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a lack of empathy and disregard for others' feelings, leading to difficulty forming genuine emotional connections with others.

Question 11

Modeling refers to one learning behavior through rewards and punishments.

Accepted Answer

Modeling refers to learning by observing others and imitating their behavior, not necessarily through rewards and punishments. Rewards and punishments are more associated with operant conditioning.

Quiz 3: Why Do People Commit Crimes