Question 1

Although data mining has been used effectively in private industry for a number of years, law enforcement has ______________ in the application of this technology.

Accepted Answer

Law enforcement has been trailing behind private industry in the application of data mining technology. While private industries have been using data mining for a number of years for various purposes such as marketing and fraud detection, law enforcement agencies have only recently begun to incorporate data mining into their investigations.

Question 2

To explore the use of data mining within criminal justice, data mining software analyzes _______ in stored transaction data.

Accepted Answer

Data mining software analyzes relationships and patterns in stored transaction data in order to identify trends, anomalies, and potential leads for criminal justice purposes. While court costs and MOs of sex offenders may be specific types of data that are analyzed within criminal justice, data mining goes beyond just these categories to identify patterns that may not have been noticeable or anticipated without this type of analysis.

Question 3

By using data mining software, investigators can initiate database searches and link analyses that extract information describing ______________ between persons, events and other aspects of criminal activities.

Accepted Answer

Data mining software can extract information about relationships between persons, events and other aspects of criminal activities, which can be useful for investigators in solving crimes. Options A, B and D are not necessarily the focus of data mining software in criminal investigations.

Question 4

Statistical Analysis System (SAS) is a software suite that can mine, alter, manage and retrieve data from a variety of sources and perform ______________ on them.

Accepted Answer

SAS is primarily used for statistical analyses and modeling, making B the most accurate answer. While SAS can certainly perform simple tests and calculations, it is most often used for more complex statistical analyses. It cannot perform word searches, so option D is definitely incorrect. Option C, "fancy calculations," is too vague and does not accurately describe the primary use of SAS.

Question 5

Machine learning is a type of _______ that provides computers with the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed.

Accepted Answer

Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that involves the use of algorithms and statistical models to enable machines to improve their performance on a specific task through experience and data analysis, without being explicitly programmed for the task.

Question 6

Both machine learning and data mining is similar in that both systems _______ through data to look for patterns.

Accepted Answer

Both machine learning and data mining involve searching through large amounts of data to identify patterns and relationships.

Question 7

The difference between machine learning and data mining is that machine learning focuses on ______________, based on known properties learned from the training data.

Accepted Answer

Machine learning is focused on prediction based on patterns found in the training data, while data mining is focused on discovering hidden patterns and relationships in the data. Therefore, the best choice is D, as it accurately describes the main focus of machine learning. Choices A and B are irrelevant and choice C is too broad and vague to be applicable.

Question 8

In knowledge discovery and data mining (KDD), the key task is the discovery of previously ______________ knowledge.

Accepted Answer

The key task in knowledge discovery and data mining is to discover previously unknown knowledge from large datasets. If the knowledge is known, there would be no need for data mining as it is already available. Unknowable knowledge refers to information that cannot be discovered through data mining methods, which is not the objective of KDD. Discovered knowledge is the result of data mining, and not the task itself.

Question 9

A machine learning method called "Series Finder" was designed to assist the police in _______.

Accepted Answer

The name "Series Finder" suggests that the machine learning method is designed to find and discover crime series, which could assist the police in detecting and preventing future crimes. The other options (corrupt cops, non-lethal weapons, shoplifting patterns) are not directly related to the name and purpose of the machine learning method.

Question 10

An artificial neural network (ANN) is a computing system made up of a number of simple, highly interconnected ______________.

Accepted Answer

An artificial neural network (ANN) consists of processing elements, also known as artificial neurons, which are simple computational units that receive input signals, process them, and produce output signals. These neurons are highly interconnected to form a network that can learn to recognize patterns and make predictions based on data. Unlike electrical wires or blood vessels, the connections between neurons in an ANN are not simply physical, but rather represent the strength of communication between neurons.

Question 11

The artificial neural network (ANN) system for Classification of Offenders in Murder and Rape Cases project developed two software prototypes that demonstrate developed algorithms for ______________.

Accepted Answer

The project developed two software prototypes that demonstrate developed algorithms for analyzing and comparing large databases of crime data. The prototypes were specifically designed for the classification of offenders in murder and rape cases.

Question 12

The Computer-Aided Tracking and Characterization of Homicides (CATCH) and CATCHRAPE software applications analyze ______________ .

Accepted Answer

The CATCH and CATCHRAPE software applications analyze homicide data and sexual assault data.

Question 13

Both CATCH and CATCHRAPE use advanced _______ to facilitate the comparison of crime data to find crimes that have similar patterns.

Accepted Answer

Both CATCH and CATCHRAPE are computer programs and algorithms are a set of instructions that a computer can follow to solve a problem or perform a task which is perfect for facilitating the comparison of crime data to find crimes that have similar patterns. Math concepts and Physics are not used in this case and Artificial Intelligence may be used but is not specifically mentioned in the question.

Question 14

Generally, any of four types of relationships are sought by analysts; these are Entity extractions, Clusters, Associations and ______________.

Accepted Answer

The three types of relationships mentioned in the question (Entity extractions, Clusters, and Associations) are all commonly used in data analysis. The fourth type of relationship that is often sought after is Sequential patterns, which involves identifying patterns of events or behaviors that occur in a specific order over time. Therefore, the correct answer is D) Sequential patterns.

Question 15

Entity extraction identifies particular ______________ from data, such as text, images, or audio materials.

Accepted Answer

Entity extraction identifies specific patterns within data, such as names, dates, locations, organizations, and other entities. Clues, algorithms, and criminal types are not accurate descriptions of what entity extraction does.

Question 16

Entity extractions have been used to identify a person's addresses, vehicles and ______________.

Accepted Answer

Personal characteristics are often extracted from text, such as a person's age, gender, and occupation.

Question 17

Software such as EntityCube and Rosette Entry Extractor (REX) automatically mine from billions of web pages to _______ entity information and detect relationships.

Accepted Answer

Both EntityCube and Rosette Entry Extractor (REX) are designed to automatically extract entity information and detect relationships from web pages, making A the best choice. Discarding, ignoring, and erasing are not the intended actions of these software programs.

Question 18

A cluster is a subset of objects that are similar and Clustering is the process of grouping data into a set of ______________.

Accepted Answer

Clustering is the process of organizing data into meaningful subclasses called clusters based on the similarity between the data points. Therefore, the correct answer is D. A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not describe the purpose or outcome of clustering.

Question 19

A cluster is a _______ of crimes or people or other kinds of data that are similar and may represent a geographical region, a hot spot of crime, or a possible crime pattern.

Accepted Answer

A cluster refers to a group of crimes or people or data that are similar in nature and may indicate a pattern of criminal activity or a hot spot of crime. The other options (Cadre, Russian organization, Mob) are not relevant to the definition of a cluster.

Question 20

In data mining, association rules are useful for analyzing and ______________customer behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Association rules help to discover patterns and relationships in data. Specifically, they can identify items or events that tend to occur together. This information can then be used to make predictions about future customer behavior.

Quiz 9: Data Mining and Analyzing Intelligence