Question 1

The "bottom-up" approach is a principle of using the least drastic and expensive measure needed to produce a specific objective.

Accepted Answer

The "bottom-up" approach refers to a strategy or method of organizing or building something where the basic, foundational elements are established first, and more complex structures are built upon them. It is not specifically about using the least drastic and expensive measure to achieve an objective; that concept is more closely related to the principle of parsimony or minimalism in decision-making processes.

Question 2

Restoration attempts to restore the victim and/or the community to his or her (or its) prior state before the crime occurred.

Accepted Answer

Restoration focuses on repairing the harm caused by the crime and restoring the victim and/or the community to their prior state, as much as possible.

Question 3

When using "top-down" goal setting, the views of clients and staff are never considered.

Accepted Answer

In "top-down" goal setting, while goals are primarily set by upper management, the views of clients and staff can still be considered to ensure the goals are realistic and align with the needs and capabilities of the organization.

Question 4

Most criminal justice interventions at some point require the cooperation of other agencies to achieve their goals.

Accepted Answer

Most criminal justice interventions involve multiple agencies and require their cooperation to achieve their goals. For example, a police investigation may require the assistance of forensic science experts, prosecutors, and courts to bring a case to trial and obtain a conviction. Similarly, a probation officer may work with social service agencies, healthcare providers, or employment services to help a probationer reintegrate into the community and avoid further criminal activity.

Question 5

Interagency collaboration is always possible and desirable.

Accepted Answer

Interagency collaboration, while often beneficial for sharing resources and expertise, may not always be possible or desirable due to differences in agency cultures, priorities, confidentiality concerns, and legal restrictions.

Question 6

Normative values are guiding assumptions about how the criminal justice system should work.

Accepted Answer

Normative values provide an ideal standard for how the criminal justice system should function, therefore guiding assumptions about its operation.

Question 7

Any specific program or policy can have one and only one objective.

Accepted Answer

While most programs or policies are designed to achieve a specific objective, it is possible for them to have multiple objectives or unintended consequences.

Question 8

Relevant participants in goal setting can include program clients or targets.

Accepted Answer

Program clients or targets are relevant participants in goal setting as they are the ones who will be directly affected by the goals and need to have a say in what they are trying to achieve.

Question 9

According to Kevin Wright, conflicting goals in criminal justice promote a system of checks and balances.

Accepted Answer

Kevin Wright argues that the multiple and conflicting goals within the criminal justice system create a system of checks and balances, ensuring that no single goal becomes dominant and overpowers the others. This helps maintain fairness and equity within the system.

Question 10

A is a broad statement about a desired future state, intended to provide direction for change.

Accepted Answer

A goal is a broad statement about a desired future state that provides direction for change. It is not as specific as an objective or a target system, but it gives an overall vision of what is to be achieved. An action system refers to the set of activities or strategies that need to be implemented in order to achieve a desired state. A target system is a set of specific measures or outcomes that need to be achieved in order to reach a goal. Social indicators are measures of social, economic, or environmental well-being that provide information about progress towards a goal or objective.

Question 11

According to ________________, the purpose of punishment is to send a message to other potential
Lawbreakers that the specific offense being punished will not be tolerated.

Accepted Answer

General deterrence theory suggests that punishment is meant to send a message to the general population that certain behaviors will not be tolerated, in order to discourage others from committing similar crimes. Retribution is the idea that punishment should be proportional to the harm caused by the offense, specific deterrence aims to deter the individual offender from committing future crimes, and incapacitation seeks to prevent the offender from committing more crimes by removing them from society. None of these options directly address the purpose of punishment in sending a message to others.

Question 12

Those accused of committing the same offense should be treated similarly. This statement illustrates:

Accepted Answer

The statement is referring to the principle of equity, which is the idea that individuals who commit the same offense should be treated similarly. Parsimony refers to the concept of using the simplest explanation or solution when analyzing a situation, while rehabilitation refers to the process of helping individuals restore their abilities and skills after experiencing some form of impairment or illness.

Question 13

"Loose coupling" refers to:

Accepted Answer

Loose coupling means that agencies are responsive to one another but maintain their independent identities.

Question 14

According to___________________ , the rightful purpose of punishment is to assign blame and punish wrongdoers.

Accepted Answer

Retribution theory states that punishment should be exacted on a wrongdoer because they deserve it. It emphasizes that punishment is not just for rehabilitation or prevention of future crime, but to assign blame and hold the offender responsible for their actions.

Question 15

Which of the following is not one of the four major components of an objective?

Accepted Answer

Interagency collaboration is not a major component of an objective. The four major components of an objective are: a target population, a criterion (specific and measurable), a time frame, and a result or outcome.

Question 16

In a new state boot camp program for low-risk offenders, the Governor says that lowered recidivism rates will be the major yardstick for determining program success. This example best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

The Governor's statement indicates top-down goal setting, where goals and objectives are set at the highest level of the organization and then disseminated down to lower levels. The success of the program is being measured in terms of lowered recidivism rates, which is a clear outcome that the program is being designed to achieve.

Question 17

An "Impact Model" must answer which of the following questions?

Accepted Answer

An Impact Model must answer all three questions mentioned in options A, B, and C. It must clearly describe the intervention being proposed, provide evidence or reasoning for why the intervention is expected to work, and identify which specific causes or factors the intervention aims to address. Therefore, the correct answer is D – all of the above.

Question 18

exist(s) when different stakeholders disagree about the intended outcome of a specific program or policy.

Accepted Answer

Incompatible goals or values refer to situations where stakeholders have different or opposing objectives or beliefs regarding a specific program or policy. This can lead to disagreements about the intended outcomes or impact of the program, which can affect its implementation and effectiveness.

Question 19

Which of the following types of collaboration or support may be required for an intervention to succeed?

Accepted Answer

All of the above types of collaboration or support may be necessary for an intervention to succeed. Political support can help ensure resources and funding are available for the intervention, while shared information can help ensure that all stakeholders are on the same page and working towards the same goals. Exchange of services can also be important for interventions that require multiple organizations or agencies to work together, such as in healthcare or disaster response.

Quiz 3: Setting Goals and Objectives