Question 1

For the following argument, choose the the best candidate for an implicit premise given the premises and conclusion provided. Your aim is to make the argument valid or forceful: P1) All terons are fee P2) _ C) All terons are zooth
A) All fees are zooth.
B) All zooth are fees.
C) All jams are biff.
D) All fees are terons.

Accepted Answer

The missing premise needed to logically connect the given premises to the conclusion is that all fees are zooth. This allows us to infer that since all terons are fee (P1), and all fees are zooth (A), then all terons must be zooth (C).

Question 2

For the following argument, choose the the best candidate for an implicit premise given the premises and conclusion provided. Your aim is to make the argument valid or forceful:
P1) If Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis Jr. are at the Sands, then Dean Martin is probably playing at the Sands P2) _ C1) Probably, Dean Martin is playing at the Sands
A) Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis Jr are probably playing at the Sands
B) Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis Jr are at the Sands
C) Frank Sinatra is probably Sammy Davis Jr
D) Dean Martin is playing at the Sands

Accepted Answer

The argument states that if Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis Jr. are at the Sands, then Dean Martin is probably playing at the Sands. Therefore, the implicit premise would be that Frank Sinatra and Sammy Davis Jr. are at the Sands. Option B aligns with this implicit premise and helps to make the argument valid.

Question 3

For the following argument, choose the the best candidate for an implicit premise given the premises and conclusion provided. Your aim is to make the argument valid or forceful:
P1) If I go out with him, then it will be a cold day in hell P2) _ C1) I won't go out with him
A) It is hot in hell today
B) I will go out with him
C) It is a cold day in hell
D) If it is a cold day in hell, then I will go out with him

Accepted Answer

To make the argument valid, the missing premise needs to imply that the condition for going out with him (a cold day in hell) will not be met. Since P1 establishes a conditional where going out with him depends on an unlikely event (a cold day in hell), stating "It is hot in hell today" (A) supports the conclusion (C1) that the speaker won't go out with him by implying the condition is not met.

Question 4

For the following argument, choose the the best candidate for an implicit premise given the premises and conclusion provided. Your aim is to make the argument valid or forceful: P1) _ P2) Alice works hard at all her university papers. P3) Alice is intelligent. C) Probably, Alice will succeed at all her university papers.
A) Most people who succeed at something work hard at that thing.
B) Most people who are intelligent and work hard at something, succeed at that thing.
C) Everyone who succeeds at university is hard-working and intelligent.
D) Alice is a success at everything.

Accepted Answer

The conclusion states that Alice will probably succeed at all her university papers, indicating a probabilistic statement. P1 states that there is something that Alice does, but it does not directly relate to the conclusion. P2 states that Alice works hard at all her university papers, and P3 states that Alice is intelligent. The implicit premise that would make this argument valid is that there is a correlation between intelligence, hard work, and success, which is expressed in choice B.

Question 5

For the following argument, choose the the best candidate for an implicit premise given the premises and conclusion provided. Your aim is to make the argument valid or forceful. P1) _ P2) Charlie is a bird. C) Probably, Charlie can fly.
A) Unless a bird is flightless, it can fly.
B) All birds can fly.
C) Most birds can fly.
D) Some birds can fly.

Accepted Answer

The best implicit premise to make the argument valid is that most birds can fly, which supports the conclusion that Charlie, being a bird, probably can fly. This accounts for exceptions like flightless birds without assuming all birds can fly.

Question 6

For the following argument, choose the the best candidate for an implicit premise given the premises and conclusion provided. Your aim is to make the argument valid or forceful: P1) Most birds can fly. P2) _ C) Probably, Charlie the kiwi can fly.
A) If Charlie is a kiwi he can't fly.
B) Kiwis are flightless birds.
C) Charlie the kiwi is a bird.
D) Charlie is a kiwi.

Accepted Answer

To make the argument valid, we need to establish that Charlie is a bird, as the conclusion is about Charlie's ability to fly.

Question 7

For the following argument, choose the the best candidate for an implicit premise given the premises and conclusion provided. Your aim is to make the argument valid or forceful.
P1) No birds are mammals. P2) _ C) A kiwi is not a mammal.
A) If something is a bird, then it's not a mammal.
B) A kiwi is not a bird.
C) No mammals are birds.
D) A kiwi is a bird.

Accepted Answer

The implicit premise needed to make the argument valid is that a kiwi is a bird (D). This connects the given premise (P1) that no birds are mammals to the conclusion that a kiwi is not a mammal, by establishing the kiwi as part of the category of birds.

Question 8

For the following argument, choose the the best candidate for an implicit premise given the premises and conclusion provided. Your aim is to make the argument valid or forceful:
P1) If you want scones to taste good, they have to be eaten the day they're baked. P2) _ C)These scones need to be eaten today.
A) I want these scones to taste good, and they were baked today.
B) I want these scones to taste good.
C) These scones were baked today.
D) All scones should be eaten on the day they are baked.

Accepted Answer

The conclusion of the argument is that "these scones need to be eaten today." To make this a valid or forceful argument, we need to connect this conclusion to the premises. P1 states that scones need to be eaten the day they're baked to taste good, which implies that the freshness of the scones is a key factor in their taste. P2 tells us that these scones need to be eaten today, but it doesn't give a reason for why this might be the case. Therefore, the best implicit premise is A, which connects the freshness of the scones (baked today) to the desire for them to taste good (wanting them to taste good).

Question 9

For the following argument, choose the the best candidate for an implicit premise given the premises and conclusion provided. Your aim is to make the argument valid or forceful: P1) William Shatner is a great actor P2) _ C) William Shatner is a great singer
A) All those who can act, can also sing well
B) All those who sing well, act well
C) If you can't sing, you can't act well
D) If you can't act well, you can't sing well

Accepted Answer

The missing premise needed to logically connect the given premises to the conclusion is that the skills in acting and singing are correlated, such that being good at one implies being good at the other. Choice A directly supports the conclusion by asserting that all those who can act well (like William Shatner, as stated in P1) can also sing well, thereby making the argument valid.

Question 10

For the following argument, choose the the best candidate for an implicit premise given the premises and conclusion provided. Your aim is to make the argument valid or forceful: P1) Silas is old P2) _ C) Nobody wants Silas
A) Old people don't want anyone
B) Nobody is old when you want them
C) Nobody wants you when you are old
D) Everyone else is young

Accepted Answer

The best implicit premise is that "Nobody wants you when you are old." This fills in the gap left by the two premises to make a valid argument. However, it should be noted that the argument relies on ageist assumptions and is not necessarily true in reality.

Question 11

For the following argument, choose the the best candidate for an implicit premise given the premises and conclusion provided. Your aim is to make the argument valid or forceful:
P1) When the world seems to shine like you've had too much wine, that's amore P2) _ C1) It's amore
A) You've had too much wine
B) The world isn't shining like you've had too much wine
C) The world seems to shine and you've had too much wine
D) The world seems to shine like you've had too much wine

Accepted Answer

The conclusion states "It's amore," which implies that the speaker is experiencing love or strong affection. Premise 1 provides a condition for when the world seems to shine in a particular way, while the conclusion indicates that the speaker is currently experiencing this phenomenon. Therefore, an implicit premise is needed to connect the two. Choice D best captures this implicit premise by stating that the world seems to shine like you've had too much wine, which is the necessary condition outlined in P1.

Quiz 1: Introducing Arguments

For the following argument, choose the the best candidate for an implicit premise given the premises and conclusion provided. Your aim is to make the argument valid or forceful: P1) All terons are fee P2) _ C) All terons are zooth

For the following argument, choose the the best candidate for an implicit premise given the premises and conclusion provided. Your aim is to make the argument valid or forceful: P1) If I go out with him, then it will be a cold day in hell P2) _ C1) I won't go out with him

For the following argument, choose the the best candidate for an implicit premise given the premises and conclusion provided. Your aim is to make the argument valid or forceful. P1) _ P2) Charlie is a bird. C) Probably, Charlie can fly.

For the following argument, choose the the best candidate for an implicit premise given the premises and conclusion provided. Your aim is to make the argument valid or forceful: P1) Most birds can fly. P2) _ C) Probably, Charlie the kiwi can fly.

For the following argument, choose the the best candidate for an implicit premise given the premises and conclusion provided. Your aim is to make the argument valid or forceful. P1) No birds are mammals. P2) _ C) A kiwi is not a mammal.

For the following argument, choose the the best candidate for an implicit premise given the premises and conclusion provided. Your aim is to make the argument valid or forceful: P1) William Shatner is a great actor P2) _ C) William Shatner is a great singer

For the following argument, choose the the best candidate for an implicit premise given the premises and conclusion provided. Your aim is to make the argument valid or forceful: P1) Silas is old P2) _ C) Nobody wants Silas

For the following argument, choose the the best candidate for an implicit premise given the premises and conclusion provided. Your aim is to make the argument valid or forceful: P1) When the world seems to shine like you've had too much wine, that's amore P2) _ C1) It's amore