Question 1

In developed countries, the age and sex structure looks like _____

Accepted Answer

In developed countries, due to lower birth rates and longer life expectancies, the age and sex structure tends to be more column-shaped, with relatively equal numbers across age groups and genders. This is in contrast to developing countries, where younger age groups tend to be much larger than older age groups, creating a pyramid shape.

Question 2

In less developed countries, the age and sex structure looks like _____

Accepted Answer

In less developed countries, there tends to be a high birth rate and high infant mortality rate, leading to a large base of young people and a smaller number of elderly individuals. This results in a pyramid-shaped age and sex structure, with the younger generations occupying a larger proportion of the population than the older generations.

Question 3

Rock-and-roll music is associated with _____.

Accepted Answer

Rock-and-roll music originated and gained popularity in the 1950s and 1960s, which is associated with the baby boom generation.

Question 4

Between 1945 and 1965 fertility rates in the US ____.

Accepted Answer

Between 1945 and 1965, the United States experienced what is known as the "Baby Boom," a period marked by a significant increase in birth rates following World War II.

Question 5

Old people generally ______ than younger people

Accepted Answer

Studies show that older adults commit fewer crimes than younger adults. They also tend to drive slower and take fewer risks. The choice A and D are not supported by research evidence.

Question 6

Which country is the most densely populated.

Accepted Answer

Monaco is the most densely populated country in the world with approximately 26,000 inhabitants per square kilometer. Liechtenstein is the second most densely populated with around 238 inhabitants per square kilometer. The USA and Greenland have much lower population densities.

Question 7

The human population has increased at a constant rate from the beginning.

Accepted Answer

The human population growth rate has not remained constant since the beginning. It has increased exponentially in recent centuries due to advances in agriculture, medicine, and technology.

Question 8

Life Expectancy before 1650 is higher than Life Expectancy after 1650.

Accepted Answer

Life expectancy increased significantly after 1650 due to improvements in medicine, sanitation, and living conditions. Before 1650, life expectancy was lower due to factors such as disease, famine, and war.

Question 9

After 1650, rates of infant mortality went down.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. After 1650, there were significant improvements in sanitation, nutrition, and medical knowledge, which led to a decrease in infant mortality rates.

Question 10

Communicable diseases were almost non-existent before the 20^th century.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Communicable diseases have existed throughout human history and have been documented in ancient texts and artwork. The Plague of Athens in 430 BC, smallpox epidemics in ancient China and India, and the bubonic plague in Europe during the Middle Ages are just a few examples of major communicable diseases that occurred long before the 20th century.

Question 11

Cities in Northwestern Europe were hotbeds of disease.

Accepted Answer

Cities in Northwestern Europe in the past were often overcrowded, with poor sanitation and hygiene, which made them more prone to the spread of disease. The bubonic plague, for example, devastated many European cities in the 14th century.

Question 12

Food production also increased after 1650.

Accepted Answer

After the introduction of new crops from the Americas and improvements in agricultural technology, food production increased in Europe after 1650.

Question 13

People, on average have been getting smaller.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. In fact, the average height of people has been increasing over time due to better nutrition and healthcare.

Question 14

The birth rate increased steadily after 1873.

Accepted Answer

The period after 1873 saw fluctuations in birth rates in many countries, with overall trends showing declines in birth rates towards the end of the 19th and into the 20th century, as part of the demographic transition.

Question 15

Increased Industrialization probably helped increase the birth rate.

Accepted Answer

Increased industrialization typically leads to a decrease in birth rates due to factors such as urbanization, increased access to education and employment for women, and higher living costs associated with urban life.

Question 16

Once the death rate in a society begins to fall, the fall in the birth rate follows eventually.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as the "demographic transition." Initially, when the death rate falls, the birth rate remains high, leading to a population increase. However, as society advances and more people have access to education and healthcare, the birth rate also falls, resulting in a stable or decreasing population.

Question 17

Less developed countries also have seen their death rates fall (although the trend is more recent)

Accepted Answer

This is true, although the trend is more recent in less developed countries, they still have seen a decline in death rates over time.

Question 18

Over the past 50 years, fertility in less well developed countries has increased.

Accepted Answer

Over the past 50 years, fertility rates in less well developed countries have generally decreased due to factors such as improved access to contraception, education, and economic opportunities, especially for women.

Question 19

The USA has a larger birth rate than Japan.

Accepted Answer

The birth rate in Japan is higher than in the USA.

Question 20

Nigeria has a larger birth rate than Russia.

Accepted Answer

According to the World Bank data from 2018, Nigeria has a birth rate of 36.6 births per 1,000 population while Russia has a birth rate of 11.3 births per 1,000 population. Therefore, Nigeria has a larger birth rate than Russia.

Quiz 6: Institutions