Which of the Following Is Not an Explanation for the Occurrence

Which of the following is not an explanation for the occurrence of male infant carrying during an agonistic conflict with another male?

A) The male is a possible father protecting his infant
B) The male is a recent immigrant using the infant to buffer himself from another male's aggression
C) Philopatric males carry infants into combat more often than males who disperse from their natal groups
D) In the absence of paternity data, researchers rely on how males treat infants and the responses of infants and their mothers toward the males involved